Description du projet
Le blé européen atteint de stress thermique pourrait laisser entrevoir les causes sous-jacentes de la réduction du rendement des cultures
Les organismes polyploïdes (ayant plus de deux paires de chromosomes) fournissent un laboratoire naturel intéressant pour étudier les modifications génétiques et les différentes fonctions des mêmes gènes (sous ou néofonctionnalisation). L’ARN traduit le code génétique nécessaire à la synthèse des protéines pour les cellules filles. Les modifications de nucléotides d’ARN individuels (polymorphismes de nucléotide unique ou PNU) peuvent entraîner des modifications complexes dans la structure 3D de l’ARN. Outre des liens avec la maladie, les modifications structurelles de l’ARN sont également le substrat biologique de l’évolution et de l’adaptation environnementale. Le projet INSPIRATION étudie les variations structurelles induites par les PNU dans l’ARN du blé polyploïde. Les scientifiques espèrent déterminer si ces variations sont liées à la sous ou néofonctionnalisation et si elles jouent un rôle dans la tolérance au stress thermique, ayant des implications pour la sélection des cultures.
Objectif
Polyploidization is one of the major driving forces of plant evolution and crop domestication and plays a key role in plant environmental adaptation. The function of multiple gene copies (homoeologous genes) from different subgenomes can vary from each other (sub/neofunctionalization), which is considered as the key to understanding polyploidy evolution and environmental adaptation. However, most sequence variations between homoeologous genes lie on the non-coding region or are synonymous mutations, which cannot lead to codon change. To data, very little is known about how the vast majority of sequence variations over the gene body regions drives subgenomes sub/neofunctionalization in polyploidy.
Recently, Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) induced RNA structural alteration is demonstrated to play key roles in post-transcriptional regulations such as RNA decay and splicing. Further studies in human disease showed that SNP-induced RNA structural changes are associated with diverse human disease and phenotypes. And also, temperature can affect the RNA structures that more stably folded mRNAs tended to show lower decay rate. This brought attention to the existing function of synonymous mutations as well as non-coding SNPs. Thus, I hypothesize that SNP-induced RNA structural alteration might lead to the subgenomes sub/neofunctionalization and play an important role in temperature stress response.
As tetraploid wheat is widely grown in the Europe and its yield is severely affected by heat stress, I will test my hypothesis in tetraploid wheat. Firstly, genome-wide RNA secondary structure profiling will be applied to compare SNP-induced RNA structure variations between subgenomes in tetraploid wheat. Secondly, I will investigate the roles of SNP-induced RNA structure variations in RNA stability and splicing pattern changes between subgenomes. Finally, I will assess the role of SNP-induced RNA structure variations in response to high temperature.
Champ scientifique
Mots‑clés
Programme(s)
Régime de financement
MSCA-IF - Marie Skłodowska-Curie Individual Fellowships (IF)Coordinateur
NR4 7UH Norwich
Royaume-Uni