Ancient genomic reconstruction of convergent evolution to agriculture

Projektinformationen

AGRICON

ID Finanzhilfevereinbarung: 852558

DOI

10.3030/852558

Projekt abgeschlossen

EK-Unterschriftsdatum 30 Oktober 2019

Startdatum 1 November 2019

Enddatum 30 April 2025

Finanziert unter

• EXCELLENT SCIENCE - European Research Council (ERC)

Gesamtkosten

€ 1 500 000,00

EU-Beitrag

€ 1 500 000,00

Koordiniert durch

THE FRANCIS CRICK INSTITUTE LIMITED
United Kingdom

Periodic Reporting for period 3 - AGRICON (Ancient genomic reconstruction of convergent evolution to agriculture)

Berichtszeitraum: 2022-11-01 bis 2024-04-30

Zusammenfassung vom Kontext und den Gesamtzielen des Projekts

By the advent of the warmer Holocene period, approximately 11,000 years ago, human populations had expanded out of their African origin to populate all major continents except for Antarctica, over a period of 40 thousand years. As the climates warmed came a remarkable convergent transformation of human lifestyles that occurred independently in multiple continents and human populations. This transition from a hunter-gatherer subsistence, for which only small group sizes could be sustained, to food production lifestyles such as animal herding and crop agriculture, fundamentally shaped the human condition and global biodiversity today. It catalysed large-scale population growth, offering the opportunity for increased rates of adaptation, but also rapidly presented a great number of human populations with a new evolutionary challenge.

This project aims to understand how convergent adaptation to new food-producing lifestyles impacted the genomes of human populations and accompanying domestic dog populations, and to which extent phenotypic convergence was driven by the same underlying genetic architecture. This will include gaining a deepening understanding of the genetic history and demography that preceded agriculture and unfolded during its expansion. It includes understanding the geographic origin of the first domestic animal: the domestic dog, which may have ushered in later developments in managing livestock and food production, and how the dog continued to adapt to agriculture alongside humans.

Arbeit, die ab Beginn des Projekts bis zum Ende des durch den Bericht erfassten Berichtszeitraums geleistet wurde, und die wichtigsten bis dahin erzielten Ergebnisse

Work has focused on ancient DNA retrieval, sequencing, and analysis, for both canid and human skeletal material from across the past 10,000 years. In collaboration with archaeologists, we have sequenced and published genomes from over 100 ancient dogs and wolves from across the world. We have also retrieved ancient DNA from dozens of ancient humans from multiple regions, which are currently undergoing sequencing and analysis. We have developed new methods to study adaptation and genetic history using these ancient DNA data sets.

Fortschritte, die über den aktuellen Stand der Technik hinausgehen und voraussichtliche potenzielle Auswirkungen (einschließlich der bis dato erzielten sozioökonomischen Auswirkungen und weiter gefassten gesellschaftlichen Auswirkungen des Projekts)

The project has achieved a breakthrough on the origin of domestic dogs, which until now has been largely unknown. By sequencing a large number of wolf and dog genomes, we have discovered evidence for dual wolf ancestry of dogs. This suggests that dogs may have been domesticated independently both in west- and east Eurasia. This breakthrough paves the way for pinpointing the origins of dogs further, and understanding the process behind domestication and how it relates to the later advent of agriculture. We have also shown that dogs followed human agricultural groups as they expanded into Europe and Africa, but revealed exceptions to this pattern in cases where dogs did not expand alongside human groups. Finally, we have shown evidence that genetic adaptations in dogs associated with starch metabolism were present in early agricultural dogs, but had a complex evolution and were still absent thousands of years after agriculture in many dogs.