The Darker Shades of Black. The Value of Skin Colour in the Mediterranean and Atlantic Slave and Labour Markets, 1750-1886

Projektbeschreibung

Die Hautfarbe als Faktor auf Sklaven- und Arbeitsmärkten

Die Abschaffung der Sklaverei stand mit erheblichen Veränderungen hinsichtlich der Mobilität farbiger Menschen in Verbindung. Es besteht jedoch ein Mangel an tiefergehender Forschung zur Rolle der Hautfarbe bei der Festlegung des Werts von Gefangenen, Sklavinnen und Sklaven sowie freien Farbigen im Zeitraum vor und nach Abschaffung der Sklaverei zwischen 1750 und 1886. Das EU-finanzierte Projekt Shades of Black untersucht die Verbindung zwischen wirtschaftlichem Wert und der Hautfarbe von versklavten Menschen, Leibeigenen, Gefangenen, Galeerensträflingen und in der Sexarbeit tätigen Menschen im Mittelmeer- und Atlantikraum. Den Ausgangspunkt bildet die Hypothese, dass bei der Festlegung des Werts von Versklavten wie auch des Lohns freier Arbeitskräfte die Hautfarbe ein wesentlicher Faktor war.

Ziel

Shades of Black proposes a new approach to the problem of race, a connected and global history which gives skin colour a fundamental role in determining the economic value of captives, slaves and free men of colour in the century of abolition. The objective is to examine how the skin colour of captives, slaves, serfs, workers on galleys and sex workers affected their value in economic transactions before and after the legal abolition of slavery in the period 1750-1886. The value of captives and slaves in the Mediterranean and the Atlantic changed according to the qualities they were assigned. My hypothesis is that skin colour and shades thereof were a major factor in influencing both the slaves’ exchange value and the salary level of free workers. I want to find out from the sources whether there was a correlation between the market price of slaves and the skin colour that was attributed to them by vendors, buyers and intermediaries. If confirmed, the colour black and its shades established a form of differentiation or discrimination among the workforce. I will compare experiences in countries of the Southern Mediterranean with those in the colonies of the French and Spanish Empires. For the Mediterranean, my case studies focus on the Italian area, France and Spain, and on Cuba and the French Antilles for the Atlantic. The period chosen allows analysis of, first, a period of growth in the trafficking of slaves and captives on the Mediterranean coasts, during and after the decline of the Atlantic trade, and then the consequence of the abolitions of slavery within geographical spaces characterised by accelerating mobility of persons of colour with different juridical statuses. Shades of Black entails the first study of the connection between the economic value and the physical appearance of slaves. The overall objective is implementing the first comprehensive examination of how shades of skin colour influenced the negotiation of the price at which a slave was traded.