Description du projet
Explorer la détection par les citoyens comme source de preuve dans les litiges
En 2019, un groupe civique, qui a réalisé des observations volontaires pendant des années, a porté devant un tribunal du Texas une affaire de violation de la législation sur l’eau potable, basée en partie sur des preuves fournies par des citoyens. Les preuves de cette surveillance environnementale menée par la population ont contribué au verdict selon lequel une entreprise pétrochimique était responsable d’une violation de la Loi sur la protection de l’eau (Clean Water Act). Il s’agit d’un exemple de science citoyenne et, plus spécifiquement, de «détection par les citoyens». Le projet SensJus, financé par l’UE, étudiera le rôle potentiel de la science citoyenne dans les litiges et la médiation au sein de l’UE. Le principal objectif consiste à combler une lacune dans les connaissances sur l’introduction de la détection par les citoyens comme source de preuve dans les litiges sur les actes répréhensibles en matière d’environnement. Cette recherche sera hébergée par le Centre commun de recherche (JRC) de la Commission européenne.
Objectif
On June 27, 2019, a landmark court decision was released in Texas, in which a judge found the petrochemical company Formosa Plastics Corporation, liable for violating the Clean Water Act because of plastic discharge into local waters. The case was brought by a civic group based in part on citizen sensed-evidence which involved volunteer observations performed over years. This practice entailing grassroots-driven environmental monitoring could be qualified as ‘Citizen Science’ and, more specifically, ‘Citizen Sensing’. The contamination could not be proved through existing data held by competent authorities since the company never filed any record of pollution with the competent authority. Rather, the monitoring and data collection was almost entirely conducted by local residents.
Cases such as the Formosa litigation are expected to increase drastically. They pose urgent research questions. Above all, the case motivates an investigation of the potential of introducing Citizen Sensing as a source of evidence in litigation over environmental wrongdoings. Furthermore, Citizen Sensing may also play a role in avoiding the court stage, as a tool to mediate the environmental conflict and to steer the responsible company to adopt an environmentally-compliant behaviour.
Related research is still in its infancy. The few championing actors in the debate are located in the U.S. not flanked by a parallel inquiry from the European perspective. The key objective of the Sensing for Justice project is to fill this knowledge gap in order to avoid a possible scientific and legislative vacuum, and provide newly required research capacity in the EU. The research will be hosted by the European Commission Joint Research Centre, currently leading actor in the research on Citizen Science for environmental monitoring and reporting, which will allow me to play a crucial role in the enactment of measures to release Citizen Science for litigation and mediation’s potential across the EU.
Champ scientifique
Mots‑clés
Programme(s)
Régime de financement
MSCA-IF - Marie Skłodowska-Curie Individual Fellowships (IF)Coordinateur
1049 Bruxelles / Brussel
Belgique