Descripción del proyecto
La venerable turbina de gas se vuelve más ecológica
Las turbinas de gas desempeñan un papel importante en la generación de electricidad y la producción de energía eléctrica: la turbina de gas es el componente básico de las centrales eléctricas de ciclo combinado a gas natural (que usan una turbina de gas y otra de vapor), que ahora consiguen alcanzar un 60 % de eficacia térmica. Las turbinas de gas también se usan para alimentar vehículos, desde aeronaves a tanques, y se espera que el mercado global supere los 20 000 millones de USD en 2022. Por ahora, estas turbinas van a seguir utilizándose y, dada su importancia para la economía mundial, aumentar su eficacia para reducir el consumo de combustible y las emisiones es una prioridad. A fin de conseguirlo, el proyecto financiado con fondos europeos INSPIRE está desarrollando unas tecnologías novedosas que emplean ciclos termodinámicos alternativos que aumentan la presión a medida que el proceso de combustión avanza. Las tecnologías desarrolladas, que aprovecharán el hidrógeno como combustible en futuros escenarios, serán beneficiosas para la industria aeroespacial y energética, así como para el medio ambiente y el planeta.
Objetivo
The thermodynamic cycle used in a gas turbine (GT) has undergone little change since its early development. Over the last decades effort has been put into increasing efficiency through reducing losses and raising overall pressure ratio and peak temperature. To break out of current limits a different cycle is required. One of the most promising is the case where a pressure rise across the combustion process is allowed. Cycle models show that such a change would reduce the fuel consumption of a large turbofan engine by ~15% and of a small engine by ~25%. An efficiency increase of up to 20% is also expected for land based GT. The pan-European team assembled offers the possibility of studying the most promising Pressure Gain Combustion, PGC solutions on an innovative integrated level. Current PGC solutions are of two types, the subsonic type, which is limited by low heat release rate but is practical and the detonative type, with very high heat release rate but currently impractical. PGC solutions are expected to be key technologies for the efficient use of carbon neutral fuels such as hydrogen. INSPIRE is aimed at studying both technologies, the Constant Volume Combustion, CVC and the Rotating Detonation Combustor, RDC. Around the two WP focusing on CVC and RDC, where institutions such as TUB, ENSMA, CERFACS, and SAFRAN will supervise the experimental and modelling activities of the involved ESR, two additional WP will aim at studying the main phenomena and technologies required to enable PGC solutions on actual engines. Topics as heat transfer, unsteady components interaction, noise generation and overall system performance will be faced by ESR supervised by UNIFI, UNIGE, KTH and TUB. The training of new researchers familiar with the concepts of PGC will ease the adoption of the technology in European industry. Since the developmental life cycle of GT is long, familiarizing a generation of new researchers with PGC will allow them to grow along with the technology.
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MSCA-ITN - Marie Skłodowska-Curie Innovative Training Networks (ITN)Coordinador
50121 Florence
Italia