Ziel
The olive, Olea europaea, is a subtropical evergreen tree grown for both its fruit and oil potential. The tree is cultivated all around the world where the climate is suitable; there are hundreds of different varieties but in the Americas the tree is grown mostly for fruit while in the main world production area, the Mediterranean, many varieties are grown, some for fruit and some solely for oil. The olive is a tree of very special social, economic, and even cultural significance for the Mediterranean countries of the EEC, where it occupies about 65% of the total world surface devoted to this crop, and produces approximately 80% of the world's olive oil and almost 50% of the world production of pickled olives.
Any development which could reduce agricultural input costs while increasing production of fruits and hence oil would be of great economic significance within the Community with respect to its external trade. This particularly applies to high quality olive oil, so called virgin oil, and to oil grown biologically without the use of chemical pesticides. There is a growing market for high quality oil and traders in the USA, Germany, and the Netherlands in particular, are ready to pay premiums of up to 70 to 100%.
However, one of the main agricultural problems in growing olives is that the trees are attacked by a large number of insect pests which have been controlled up to now by the use of chemical pesticides. It is the objective of this project to attack this problem by finding alternative disease remedies and alternatives to the very high levels of chemical pesticides currently used in the treatment of the problem.
The overall objective of the programme is to develop a practical integrated pest management program for insect pests of olives, to test this in participating countries and to develop a technology transfer package so that it may be adapted to other European countries growing olives.
Tissue cultures of olive fruit have been established. The cultures have been used for radiolabelling experiments and we have prepared subcelluar fractions from callus cultures which show good activity. Soluble fractions have been used for fatty acid synthesis and microsomal fractions for triacylglycerol formation. These preparations look promising for use in experiments to evaluate the regulation of fat deposition in olives.
Work concentrated on the development of rearing techniques for both Saissetia oleae and the parasitoid Metaphycus helvolus. The establishment of these cultures meant work could start on laboratory evaluation of Metaphycus as a potential control agent of the olive scale.
Bactrocera oleae spiroketal is highly effective for the attraction of males in the laboratory and the field. A range of synthetic ketals were prepared in high yield from ketones and diols.
Work on the olive bark beetle Phloeotribus scarabaeoides continues to yield a large number of compounds. Laboratory work has concentrated on selection of toxic strains of Bacillus thuringiensis.
A fungus that has been isolated from scales of Saissetia oleae and has been quite extensively worked on as a control agent is Verticillium lecanii. In a pilot study with a strain of V lecanii derived from the coffee scale studies have established that mutants can be isolated for germination in reduced humidity.
Temperature day-degree simulation models have been developed for the pests Saissetia and Prays. These models can be used to predict pest phenologies, predict pest abundance and optimum control situations.
The overall objective of the program is to develop a practical integrated pest management program for insect pests of olives, to test this in participating countries and to develop a technology transfer package so that it may be adapted to other European countries growing olives.
From the work accomplished so far, it can be stated that the jasmine moth females produce and release a sex pheromone during the dark period. The development of a laboratory colony for the jasmine moth is essential for the requirements of the project. The availability of insects throughout the year will facilitate research on the biology, behaviour, pheromone chemistry and microbial pesticides development.
The overall objective of the program is to develop a practical integrated pest management program for insect pests of olives, to test this in participating countries and to develop a technology transfer package so that it may be adapted to other European countries growing olives.
The biology and life history of the bark beetle Phloeotribus scarabeaoides to provide baseline information for a modeling program. Surveys were carried out to determine the composition of the natural enemy complex associated with this pest. The study of the primary attraction mechanisms which would enable us to take the first steps in establishing integrated control of the insect.
The overall objective of the program is to develop a practical integrated pest management program for insect pests of olives, to test this in participating countries and to develop a technology transfer package so that it may be adapted to other European countries growing olives.
Results obtained describe:
synthesis of intermediate and large scale quantities of pheromones and other behaviour modifying chemicals;
formulation of pheromones and behaviour modifying chemicals in devices which control their release into the air over predetermined periods of time to be used in particular for mating disruption of pests using their sex pheromones;
design, manufacture and field testing of traps for monitoring the key olive pests;
support activities for the other partners in industrial aspects of the project.
The overall objective of the program is to develop a practical integrated pest management program for insect pests of olives, to test this in participating countries and to develop a technology transfer package so that it may be adapted to other European countries growing olives.
Five areas of work are included as follows:
Microbial technology and natural insecticides. Control pests have been developed based on the use of entopathogens of microbial origin for controlling Prays oleae, and pesticides of natural origin (natural pyrethrin and rotenone) to control P oleae and Bactrocera oleae.
Natural enemies. The set up of vegetable material reproduction systems was made, together with the breeding of host insects (Saissetia oleae and Chloropulvinaria), and parasitoids (Metaphysicus helvolus) in controlled conditions.
Modelling. The biological cycle and the population regulating factors of the main olive pests (B oleae, P oleae, S oleae, Phloeotribus scarabaeoides and Euzophera pinguis) have been followed in the experimental areas. Calibrated trials of the traps used normally fro monitoring B oleae and P oleae adult populations have been made, establishing relationaships between adult populations estimated at tree level and the captures made in such traps.
Environmental oil quality. Different methods of extraction and analysis of pesticide residues have been developed. Pesticide residues produced by tratments, the insecticidal capacity of traps used in mass trapping trials against B oleae and the dynamics of herbicides in soil have been studied.
The overall objective of the program is to develop a practical integrated pest management (IPM) program for insect pests of olives, to test this in participating countries and to develop a technology transfer package so that it may be adapted to otherEuropean countries growing olives.
The development of simulation models has a number of important implications for the program. They provide a meaningful framework for the organization of research goals, allow effects of control measures to be to be evaluated prior to costly field trials, allow interactions between various combinations of control options to be evaluated and provide a means by which an IPM program may be implemented. Development of models for Bactrocera, Prays and Saissetia are ahead of schedule. Simulation models of the field population dynamics of these 3 species have been constructed and the effects of different control measures on the populations can now be assessed.
The olive, Olea europaea, is a sub-tropical evergreen tree grown for both its fruit and oil potential. The tree is cultivated all around the world where the climate is suitable; there are hundreds of different varieties but in the Americas the tree is grown mostly for fruit while in the main world production area, the Mediterranean, many varieties are grown, some for fruit amd some solely for oil. The olive is a tree of very special social, economic, and even cultural significance for the Mediterranean countries of the EEC, where it occupies about 65% of the total world surface devoted to this crop, and produces approximately 80% of the world production of olive oil, and almost 50% of the world production of pickled olives.
Any development which could reduce agricultural input costs while increasing production of fruits and hence oil would be of great economic significance within the Community with respect to its external trade. This particularly applies to high quality olive oil, so-called "virgin oil", and to oil grown "biologically" without the use of chemical pesticides. There is a growing market for high quality oil and traders in the USA, Germany, and the Netherlands in particular, are ready to pay premiums of up to 70-100%.
However, one of the main agricultural problems in growing olives is that the trees are attacked by a large number of insect pests which have been controled up to now by the use of chemical pesticides. It is the objective of this project to attack this problem by finding alternative remedies for the disease and alternatives to the very high levels of chemical pesticides currently used in the treatment of the problem.
The objective of the research project is as follows :
a) To reduce the environmental effects of pesticides in European olive production, so as to safeguard operators and consumers, and to improve fruit and oil.
b) To reduce chemical inputs in general in European olive production.
c) By reducing these agricultural inputs, to increase profitability of high quality oil.
d) Develop and test an integrated pest management (IPM) system in several countries and to develop a technology transfer package for general European use.
e) To maintain a long term aim to develop a system for the production of "biological" olive oil, with minimal chemical inputs.
Wissenschaftliches Gebiet (EuroSciVoc)
CORDIS klassifiziert Projekte mit EuroSciVoc, einer mehrsprachigen Taxonomie der Wissenschaftsbereiche, durch einen halbautomatischen Prozess, der auf Verfahren der Verarbeitung natürlicher Sprache beruht. Siehe: Das European Science Vocabulary.
CORDIS klassifiziert Projekte mit EuroSciVoc, einer mehrsprachigen Taxonomie der Wissenschaftsbereiche, durch einen halbautomatischen Prozess, der auf Verfahren der Verarbeitung natürlicher Sprache beruht. Siehe: Das European Science Vocabulary.
- Agrarwissenschaften Landwirtschaft, Forstwirtschaft und Fischerei Landwirtschaft Agronomie Pflanzenschutz
- Agrarwissenschaften Landwirtschaft, Forstwirtschaft und Fischerei Landwirtschaft Gartenbau Obstanbau
- Naturwissenschaften Biowissenschaften Biochemie Biomoleküle Lipide
- Agrarwissenschaften Landwirtschaft, Forstwirtschaft und Fischerei Landwirtschaft Gartenbau Gemüseanbau
- Naturwissenschaften Biowissenschaften Zoologie Insektenkunde
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Aufforderungen zur Einreichung von Vorschlägen sind nach Themen gegliedert. Ein Thema definiert einen bestimmten Bereich oder ein Gebiet, zu dem Vorschläge eingereicht werden können. Die Beschreibung eines Themas umfasst seinen spezifischen Umfang und die erwarteten Auswirkungen des finanzierten Projekts.
Aufforderung zur Vorschlagseinreichung
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Verfahren zur Aufforderung zur Einreichung von Projektvorschlägen mit dem Ziel, eine EU-Finanzierung zu erhalten.
Finanzierungsplan
Finanzierungsregelung (oder „Art der Maßnahme“) innerhalb eines Programms mit gemeinsamen Merkmalen. Sieht folgendes vor: den Umfang der finanzierten Maßnahmen, den Erstattungssatz, spezifische Bewertungskriterien für die Finanzierung und die Verwendung vereinfachter Kostenformen wie Pauschalbeträge.
Finanzierungsregelung (oder „Art der Maßnahme“) innerhalb eines Programms mit gemeinsamen Merkmalen. Sieht folgendes vor: den Umfang der finanzierten Maßnahmen, den Erstattungssatz, spezifische Bewertungskriterien für die Finanzierung und die Verwendung vereinfachter Kostenformen wie Pauschalbeträge.
Koordinator
CF1 3TL Cardiff
Vereinigtes Königreich
Die Gesamtkosten, die dieser Organisation durch die Beteiligung am Projekt entstanden sind, einschließlich der direkten und indirekten Kosten. Dieser Betrag ist Teil des Gesamtbudgets des Projekts.