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Sugar transport in relation to source/sink interactions in plants

Obiettivo



The general topic of this project is the study of all the different membrane carriers involved in the translocation of sugars (and mainly sucrose) from autotrophic source organs to heterotrophic sink organs. All these transport steps may be limiting if the sucrose supply is increased through higher photosynthesis. Moreover under normal conditions, these steps may represent bottlenecks in the translocation of sucrose. As sink growth and development is absolutely dependent on the supply of sucrose, these transport steps may represent important regulation points for productivity and sink yield. The genes coding for the H+/sucrose carrier of the phloem and H+/glucose carrier of sink organs have now been identified by two participants and we intend, as a first step in this project, to clone all sugar carriers present in a plant with emphasis on the sink situation (roots, young leaves, flowers, fruits, seeds, germinating plants). The carriers involved in sugar transport during fungal infection (powdery mildew) and during several stress situations will also be studied. This will add to the already known carriers. Antibodies will be prepared to get a precise view of the localization of the carriers. In parallel, the activity of these carriers will be studied by heterologous expression in yeast and Xenopus oocytes. A structure /function relationship study will also be conducted through random and site directed mutagenesis in order to identify the residues involved in the recognition of the co-substrates and the regulation of the carrier activity. This mutagenesis programme should result in mutant carriers with a better efficiency in transporting sucrose. Studies of the role of these carriers in planta will be conducted by changing their level of expression in transgenic tomato plants (anti sense or overexpression) and thorough physiological and biochemical analysis of transformants. We therefore intend to determine the control coefficient for each carrier and to identify which ones are bottlenecks in the translocation of sugar from source to sink organs. These results will be a starting point to produce transgenic plants where those bottlenecks are overridden (possibly with mutant carriers) in order to get a higher sink yield (more sugar accumulated in harvested sink). Important transport steps involved in the regulation of plant and organ development will also be characterised.
The different groups involved in this project will contribute their proven expertise to different aspects of the project. The molecular characterization of sucrose and hexose carriers is at an exciting stage and most of those identified to date have been achieved in the labs of Frommer and Sauer. The groups in Southampton (Hall, Williams) and Poitiers (Lemoine, Delrot) have great experience in functional studies involving vesicles and in molecular applications such as immunolocalization. The Rothamsted laboratory (Miller) has demonstrated the value of the expression of plant sugar arriers in Xenopus oocytes. These complementary skills brought together at this time resent a unique opportunity to rapidly increase our understanding of the transport of sugars from source to sink as a regulatory mechanism to control sink yield.

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Coordinatore

Université de Poitiers
Contributo UE
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Indirizzo
40,Avenue Recteur Pineau
86000 Poitiers
Francia

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