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Verwertbare Ergebnisse
Reduction of aviation emissions, in particular NOx, is a main concern today either to improve air quality (local impact) or to reduce green house effect (global impact). To achieve this objective, improved combustors have to be developed.
The main objective of this LowNox III part 1 European programme (and the linked on-going programme LowNox III part 2) was to demonstrate Low NOx emission technologies in both modular and full-scale combustors that are representative of the size and operating conditions of large and small engines. An ambitious target of 60% of NOx emission reduction was defined, based on current 1996 ICAO regulation levels (CAEP2). In addition, a Focused Generics activity was a part of the programme and enabled the development and validation of new analytical tools, technologies and advanced design concepts. Finally, an Advanced CFD activity was included in order to define CFD methods for evaluation of test results and for optimisation of the different combustors. This work done is the continuation of previous European programmes like LowNox II.
The project permitted to explore various technology concepts for small, medium and large engine low NOx combustors. Many LPP injector systems were elaborated and tested. Then a few multi-sector combustors have been manufactured and experimented. General status and main results for each situation are reported in the technical achievement section. The NOx reduction objectives were met in some cases (small: -50% NOx reduction and medium engines -60% from CAEP2). Unexpected difficulties arose for large engine at high pressure (severe instabilities) but partial results on the LPP modules were nevertheless encouraging. RQL concept was also evaluated for the pilot dome of a medium/large engine combustor but according to the study it was decided more convenient on a small engine combustor (alternative to LPP). Other important technology topics like cooling were also usefully investigated.
The focused generic theme provided rich results on major and fundamental topics for which the knowledge is a pre-requisite to be able to conceive and optimise LPP injection systems and low NOx combustors: 2-phase flow, spray characterisation, measurement, auto-ignition, flash-back, mixing. Many research centres and universities were involved in this work.
Applied CFD theme covered the need of better physical modelling of main phenomena and the implementation of these models in CFD codes, in order to provide accurate and reliable tools for conception. The project provides improvements on evaporation models, combustion modelling and prediction of CO, NOx modelling, turbulence for swirling flows, internal measurements of radiative heat load.
This project permitted a significant progress in low emission combustors design, even when showing unexpected difficulties or fields that ought to be further studied (as it is the case in new on-going programmes). Numerous deliverables and articles have been produced, where results are available. Six European aero-engine manufacturers supported by sixteen research establishments and universities were involved in this project.
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