Ziel
The objective of the project is the use of materials of an organic origin (mainly intermediate prime materials from the cork industry), in the building sector, in both precast elements and those produced in situ.
Specifically, the structural elements in which the behaviour of organic materials has been studied are:
- Precast panels of porous concrete
- Precast panels of cork-plaster
- Compacted concrete to be carried out in situ
- Flat slabs for inverted covers
- Acoustic screens for roads.
The conclusions reached on the different elements are:
Plaster Cork
- There exists a perfect compatibility between plaster and cork, and a great adherence due to the groovy surface of cork which enables the crystalization of the stucco both outside and inside the element.
- The rest of organic materials tested are incompatible with plaster or stucco due, possibly, to a very important difference in their pH.
- The mechanical trials carried out show a low resistance of the plaster-cork mixture, therefore materials such as polymeric or glass fibres have been incorporated to the element in low proportions, significantly improving the initial values and even surpassing (due to some synergic effect between the cork granulates and the fibres) the values of the plaster-glass fibre composite.
- Weight reductions of up to 50% are obtained with cork from clean branch bornizo and a fine granulometry with added cork percentages of 20% from the stucco weight.
- The acoustic absorption of the material noticeable increases with the introduction of surface geometries designed to the purpose. Thus, the use of truncated cone-shaped or cylindric piercings improves the absorption through energetic dissipation of sound by increasing the specific surface and they act as small resonators at high frequencies. This surface design also facilitates the improvement of aesthetic qualities of the products.
- The low density of the product obtained appears to have more advantages as opposed to competitive products both for its easiness of placement in work site and transport.
- The thermic conductivity of the plaster-cork composite in its different combinations and samples tested, offers values between 0.12 and 0.19W/mK inferior to those of the competitive products such as perlite plaster. This low thermic conductivity makes it ideal as a material for protection against fire.
ANTI-NOISE SCREEN
The result has been a modular screen manufactured with a composite for a special high performance porous concrete and vegetable components which act as organic dry materials and acoustic interceptors of the aerial noise for medium and high frequencies.
The execution of the screen is simple and is based on the insertion of modules between two 'double-T' shaped frames which have been fixed to a reinforced concrete foundation. Both the frames and the modules have devices to avoid the existence of acoustic leaks through them. This device has been given a solution.
With regard to the absorption of medium and high frequencies and to reverberation of same, the behaviour of the SHPPC is superior to any screen existing in the market.
A second alternative consists of a mortar/cork composite or mortar/branch bornizo or mortar/PR composite, which allows a redesign in the surface geometry of the screen without increasing the weight of same allowing a volumetric arrangement and also the introduction of acoustic absorbing elements which act as big dissipators when increasing the general surface of the screen or as small dissipators when then macroporosity is bigger, and as resonators.
This last solution is the one which has optimized the crossing of different parameters in design, organic material durability and reinforcement, aesthetics of both facings, modulation easiness, absence of acoustic leaks, significant increase of acoustic absorption coefficients...
From the industrial point of view, it allows a significant reduction in cost and manufacturing processes.
From the environmental point of view, it enables the re-use of woods residues such as branch bornizo or pruning remainders.
PRECAST PARTITIONS
The composites used in their manufacturing are mortar/cork or mortar/pruning remainders or mortar/branch bornizo, with the advantages and disadvantages seen in the anti-noise screens.
These materials have permitted to reduce in a significant manner the weight of the original HPPC partitions and cork agglomerate sheets.
There are still some questions to be developed such as the optimum modulation for the partitions, the solution to possible acoustic leaks, surface aesthetics...which were not the object of an in-depth study during the project duration.
SLAB FOR INVERTED COVER
The product obtained equals or even improves the characteristics of the most direct competitors with the addition of a natural product instead of synthetic products.
- The drainage capacity of the system is ensured for the covers of buildings. - A high insulation is obtained against impact noises, improving as the frequency is increased. In fact, insulation coefficients of 32dB have been achieved as opposed to 10dB measured for a cover with blocks of porous concrete according to ISO 717-2. - Given the high thermic insulating capacity of the cork agglomerate, the insulating capacity of a conventional gravel cover is reduced four times. - Durability problems of the product do not exist against adverse climatologic conditions, or against a strong exposure to solar radiation.
The main innovation is to obtain an increase in the performance of structural elements manufactured with plaster or concrete by using cork or mixtures or organic components from the environment of cork-oaks.
The method to achieve this is via the joint use of concrete or plaster and cork or mixture but with the smallest possible interaction between them. Thus, each material will be able to develop the properties for which it was designed and not to produce disturbances amongst them. In short, the organic dry components will only fill the pores existing in a conventional porous concrete.
For the characterization of the organic components the variables studies have been the following:
- Percentage of organic component with regard to the maximum volume of same in that dosing.
- Environmental conditions, especially temperature and humidity.
- Type of organic matter.
Other important parameters were the amount of light and the humidity-drying cycles at different temperatures, but these were valued as constant in the trial due to the enormous variability that may exist in the real worksite.
The maximum contents of organic matter used in each dosing was according to the minimum resistance value of the structural element.
Wissenschaftliches Gebiet (EuroSciVoc)
CORDIS klassifiziert Projekte mit EuroSciVoc, einer mehrsprachigen Taxonomie der Wissenschaftsbereiche, durch einen halbautomatischen Prozess, der auf Verfahren der Verarbeitung natürlicher Sprache beruht.
CORDIS klassifiziert Projekte mit EuroSciVoc, einer mehrsprachigen Taxonomie der Wissenschaftsbereiche, durch einen halbautomatischen Prozess, der auf Verfahren der Verarbeitung natürlicher Sprache beruht.
- Technik und TechnologieMaschinenbauProduktionstechnik
- Technik und TechnologieWerkstofftechnikVerbundwerkstoffe
- NaturwissenschaftenGeowissenschaften und verwandte UmweltwissenschaftenAtmosphärenwissenschaftenMeteorologieSonnenstrahlung
- AgrarwissenschaftenLandwirtschaft, Forstwirtschaft und FischereiLandwirtschaftGartenbauGemüseanbau
- NaturwissenschaftenMathematikreine MathematikGeometrie
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06800 Merida
Spanien