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Verwertbare Ergebnisse
More than 20 new holocene sedimentary sequences from diverse Mediterranean areas Portugal, Spain, Italy and Greece have been obtained and studied as well as punctual studies on palaeontological and archaeological sites. Studies of pollen, plant macroremains, terrestrial molluscs, magnetic susceptibility, tephra layers and water and nitrogen use efficiency has been developed making possible the reconstruction of the history of a wide range of past Mediterranean environments and showing that landscape dynamics has a characteristic pattern for each of the studied zones related to the specific adaptative responses in front of the climatic change and the specific human activities. New data are of a remarkable interest since (1) the archive of chronologically framed sediment sequences is available to the scientific for other studies. (2) the analysis of the environmental changes along present-day bioclimatological gradients in relation to a chronological scale is available to the climate modelers for predicting future global change. (3) the natural and human trends as deduced from the sediment records and archaeological sites is available to actuo- and palaeoecologists. (4) new data for prehistorical and historical land use of the resources and archaeological evidences are available to the archaeologists and historians for a scientific purpose and in relation to the social heritage. (5) the assessment of the past natural and anthropogenic dynamics as a scientific basis for prediction of the future trend towards aridification provide a non-hypothetical framework for the implementation of well-founded criteria of land-use and nature preservation measures to public managers and administrators.
A palaeobotanic database has been developed and used for gathering information on paleobotanical analyses carried out in the study areas, and by extension, throughout the Mediterranean basil]. Chronologically, preference has been given to records for the Upper Pleistocene and especially the Holocene. The data recovered should also be applied to climate and ecology, and improving the soil in arid and semi-arid areas. The database has been designed to be accessible to both Windows 95 and Apple work environments and is fed by two main interrelated. One file has a common bibliographic filing structure and connects directly to other files, where specific relevant to the study can be found. From any of these general files it is possible to have direct access to a numerical database. From these data, any required graph available can be made. At the present moment, this database includes a total of 369 complete entries from a total of 2288 significant references collected which are being processed.
On the other hand, diverse works on environmental and palaeoenvironmental modelling have been done or are still in course of realisation. All these works are mainly based on the GIS techniques. First, a palaeoenvironmental mapping model is being developed. As a first phase, a climatological modelling of the present-day situation of each studied area of the Iberian Peninsula has been obtained. As a second phase, a geographical and vegetational modelling is being implemented. A third implementation phase will consists in the model modification in order to include palaeoenvironmental information. Also, a present day landscape description and ecological mapping model follows to produce a detailed GIS-supported database for the research, including ecophysiographic information (geomorphology, soils, meteorological data) modern and historical land use and vegetation.
The environmental behavior in dry southern Mediterranean areas is different from the behavior in northern more humid Mediterranean areas, the former zones call for a different environmental strategy than for humid areas for preserving and recovering the natural environment. Refuges arising from desertification and anthropic action are historically similar to ice-age refuges and a specific restoration strategy for the driest areas in the Mediterranean basin aimed at recovering lost natural elements could be better than the traditional strategy used for conservation. The recovery of the natural landscape can be accelerated and renewed if residual elements exist or have been maintained since they act as shelters for biological diversity and as nuclei for condensing species. The residual nuclei to be chosen should demonstrate a high potential for development and they should not be important to the future socio-economic development of the region. A policy of maintaining, a large network of recovery areas presently of low environmental value should be instituted to complement the traditional policy of preserving only a few areas commonly thought to be environmentally valuable. These interventions should be carried out considering that recovery areas should be typical environments in the region and all of the different kinds of natural environment found in the region should be represented as recovery spaces in order to recover the biological diversity, natural landscapes and ecosystems, and genetic potential of flora and fauna in the selected regions. Potential for quick and efficient recovery must be the main criterion when choosing residual areas.
On the other hand, a Research Institute (CIMIC) participated by diverse universities, local entities and private enterprises has been created with purposes to apply environmental-friendly technologies and rational management for the sustainable use of arid lands acting as a centre for the technological transfer-, for the diffusion of the research activities and obtained results to the social agents and to deepen in the environmental research developed by the contractors in the frame of the III and IV framework EU research programmes.
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