Obiettivo
THE OBJECTIVE OF THE CONTRACT IS TO CONSTITUTE A CONTRIBUTION TO A JOINT STUDY AIMING AT ASSESSING MANAGEMENT ROUTES FOR LIGHT WATER REACTOR WASTES ON THE BASIS OF ECONOMIC AND RADIOLOGICAL CRITERIA AND BY DRAWING UP THE BASIC OPTIONS EMPHASIZING THE COLLECT - TREATMENT - CONDITIONING - PACKAGING - STORAGE AND TRANSPORT ASPECTS.
As a contribution to the implementation of a joint study on management options for light water reactor (LWR) wastes, a route based on Belgian concepts and industrial practices has been presented.
A Belgian radwaste management route is described, explaining the way the gaseous and liquid effluents and the solid wastes are fed to treatment systems, purified before release into the environment for the effluents or conditioned for the solid wastes.
The characteristics of processes, major equipment, materials and labour related to the treatment and conditioning units and related buildings are provided in order to carry out the subsequent cost assessment.
The study is completed by sensitivity studies. One study examines the impact of using mobile instead of fixed concreting facilities on capital and operating costs. The other evaluates the variation of the total disposal cost of low level waste packages as a function of the interim storage capacity.
The doses to critical individuals, as well as the collective doses, resulting from liquid and gaseous wastes released into the environment and generated by the operation of a reference 900 MWe pressurized water reactor (PWR), were assessed. The calculations were performed for an inland plant and a coastal plant. 2 different levels of reactor coolant contamination were used:
a real case characterized by a primary coolant contamination corresponding to the upper bound of the actual contaminations observed in modern PWRs;
a design case characterized by a primary coolant contamination higher by one order of magnitude than that of the real case.
Both critical individual doses and collective doses are higher for the inland plant than for the coastal plant. For each type of release and for each type of exposure, the thyroid is the most exposed organ. The whole body dose is governed by tritium and caesium isotopes. The drinking water is the main exposure pathway of the collective whole body dose, while watering and irrigation products are the main exposure pathways of the collective thyroid dose.
A joint study was implemented to assess the different practices used to manage liquid, gaseous and solid radwastes arising from operation of light water reactors (LWR).
Practices refer to processes or technologies used for power units and recent developments in radwaste disposal systems. Technical, economical and radiological aspects are considered in this evaluation with the main emphasis on 3 distinct European routes of pressurized water reactors (PWR).
On the technical level it has been shown that the 3 routes studied diverge considerably in the management of their gaseous and solid wastes. This reveals the major influence of the state of development of the disposal option for conditioned wastes on the strategy of management of light water reactor (LWR) wastes.
In Germany and Belgium, where the final choice of a disposal system has not yet been made (open waste management alternative), volume reduction is a major objective. This involves the use of techniques of direct incask drying of wet wastes and incineration of dry wastes.
In France, where near surface disposal is available and operates at relatively low cost, the volume reduction is achieved by compaction.
The incineration technique appears to be economically unfavourable in the different management routes analysed. Increase of volume reduction (interim and final storage profits) does not counterbalance the investment and operation costs of this technique.
Finally, this comparative analysis of the radwaste management routes practised in the 4 European countries has highlighted differences of efficiency which are paid for by differences in cost. But all 3 radwaste management chains studied lead to activities of airborne and liquid releases that are much lower than the safety requirement limits enforced by the national Safety Authorities.
THE REFERENCE SCENARIO CONSIDERED IS THE FOLLOWING:
- INSTALLED NUCLEAR POWER: 20 GWE;
- ALL P.W.R. - GROUPING OF REACTOR BY 4 UNITS;
- LIFETIME: 30 YEARS;
- LOCATION: INLAND SITES WITH STRINGENT DISCHARGE LIMITS.
A MANAGEMENT ROUTE IS DEFINED AS EACH SET OF COORDINATED ACTIONS BY WHICH THE MANAGEMENT OF L.W.R. WASTES FROM THEIR PRODUCTION TO THEIR DISPOSAL IS IMPLEMENTED.
WORK PROGRAMME:
THE EVALUATION OF THE MANAGEMENT ROUTES FOR LWR-WASTES IS BASED IN THE FRAMEWORK OF OUR CONTRACT, ON THE EXECUTION OF THE FOLLOWING SEQUENCE OF TASKS.
1. DEFINITION OF TYPICAL PRIMARY WASTE INVENTORIES RESULTING FROM NORMAL OPERATION OF 900 MWE-PWR'S (GASEOUS, LIQUID AND SOLID WASTES).
2. DEFINITION OF DISCHARGE LIMITS, WASTE ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA AND TRANSPORT REGULATIONS.
3. DRAWING UP OF BASIC MANAGEMENT ROUTES TAKING INTO ACCOUNT TREATMENT AND CONDITIONING VARIANTS.
4. SENSITIVITY STUDIES ON EACH BASIC MANAGEMENT ROUTE.
5. COSTING OF THE BASIC MANAGEMENT ROUTES AS WELL AS THE VARIANTS EVOLVED FROM SENSITIVITY STUDIES.
6. ASSESSMENT OF THE RELATED OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE.
7. ASSESSMENT OF THE RELATED RADIOLOGICAL IMPACT TO THE PUBLIC (SHORT AND LONG TERM).
BELGATOM HAVE TO EXECUTE PARTLY THE TASKS 1, 2 AND 5 AND WHOLLY THE TASKS 3, 4, 6 AND 7 FOR ONE BASIC MANAGEMENT ROUTE BASED ON THE BELGIAN CONCEPTS AND PRACTICES.
Campo scientifico (EuroSciVoc)
CORDIS classifica i progetti con EuroSciVoc, una tassonomia multilingue dei campi scientifici, attraverso un processo semi-automatico basato su tecniche NLP. Cfr.: Il Vocabolario Scientifico Europeo.
CORDIS classifica i progetti con EuroSciVoc, una tassonomia multilingue dei campi scientifici, attraverso un processo semi-automatico basato su tecniche NLP. Cfr.: Il Vocabolario Scientifico Europeo.
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- ingegneria e tecnologia ingegneria civile ingegneria idraulica irrigazione
- ingegneria e tecnologia ingegneria ambientale gestione dei rifiuti processi di trattamento dei rifiuti
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Coordinatore
1200 BRUXELLES
Belgio
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