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SUPPLY OF GEOTHERMAL ENERGY TO DISTRICT HEATING NETWORK [STAGE 1]

Ziel

To tap the geothermal energy to supply an existing district heating network in Thisted for which the total requirements are 75,000 Gcal/yr.
The reservoir will be produced by means of a pair of wells drilled down to a total depth of 3,250 m. The heat distribution network will be fed by three heat pumps bringing the discharge and reinjection temperature down to 20 C. Back-up will be provided by existing boiler plant. Two different Triassic formations and one Jurassic formation may be regarded as a potential reservoir.
The project is based upon a geothermal flow-rate of 100 m3/h, 105 C temperature and aquifer transmissivity of 3 D.m. This will provide 75% of the total heat needs. Projected energy saving is 1,400 TOE/y with a corresponding payback of 7.6 years. Total rate of return is estimated to be 12.5%.
Originally the Skagerrak formation between 2.5 and 3.5 Km depth was considered as the primary geothermal objective. Tests carried out show this formation composed of sand and clay layers but could not be produced commercially. Transmissivity decreased continuously from 70 to 20 D.m. during the tests, attributed to fines migration.
The Gassum formation situated 1 Km upper became the target and the interval (1,254 - 1,259) produced geothermal water at 45 C. The extension of the reservoir is sufficient to ensure long term production (salinity is extremely high 160 g/l).
The decision to utilize the Gassum formation (sandstones) instead of Skagerrak formation necessitates additional testing. In any case the geothermal output will be 2 times lower than expected. No patents or licences are expected.
Subsequent to a seismic study of the area, the production well was drilled to a final depth of 3,287 m in January-March 1982. Two potential reservoirs were penetrated:
- the Haldager and Gassum formations - while drilling to the main target - the Skagerrak formation. - the Halgager formation was crossed between 1,010 and 1,063 m : uncemented sands, silts and clays; net pay of the aquifer - 22 m; temperature - 40 C; not tested.
- the Gassum formation situated between 1,155 - 1,289 m : sands, silts and clays with little or no cementing. Perforation at around 1,260 m. Net pay of the aquifer 52 m with a 25% porosity. - the Skagerrak transitional formation between 1,598 and 3,287 m : sands, with silts and clays, relatively cemented in the lower section. Estimated transmissivity - 70 D.m.; net pay of the aquifer 56 m; temperature + 65 C; porosity 25%.
The combination of core descriptions, permeability tests and electric logging indicated very small permeabilities in the lower part of the Skagerrak formation, which was consequently found unfit as a reservoir. The lower part of the hole was abandoned, and a packer was set at 2,565 m. From electric logging results some relatively porous sandstone layers in the interval 1,849 -2,114 m were selected to be pump tested. After perforating sand layers with a total thickness of 98 m, a pumping test performed from April to December 1982 indicated gradually decreasing transmissivity from 80 to 20 D.m. Without stabilising tendency.
It was decided to perforate a 5 m interval in the Gassum formation after isolating the deeper reservoir with a packer at 1,308 m. Pump tests carried out between December 1982 to February 1983 indicated a constant production of geothermal water with the following characteristics: flow rate - 23 m3/h; 46 C; transmissivity 80 D.m. to 100 D.m. No barrier was found in the reservoir after drawdown and built up analysis.
Presently, the plan is to establish a first exploitation based on the existing well,to commence in October 1983. The geothermal water which will be produced from Thisted-2 well, will be pumped at +- 30 m3/h, cooled down in a pilot plant's heating pump, and then diverted to the sewage system. The purpose of this initial production is to gain experience in:
- long term corrosion effects to choose the correct materials for the final plant;
- how to avoid entrance oxygen in the surface system to minimise corrosion and scaling effects and later on reinjection problems;
- how to operate a plant;
- estimate long term performance of the reservoir.
See project GE./00148/83/DK and project GE./00301/85/DK.

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DANSK OLIE OG NATURGAS A/S
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Dänemark

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