Objective
* To determine the distribution, bionomics, population structure and vectorial capacity of malaria vectores in S.Tomé and Equatorial Guinea.
* To implement the large scale use of molecular probes for the identification of anopheline sibling species.
* To identify human parasite species in mosquitoes by PCR using different methods of DNA extraction.
* To perform longitudinal studies on the population dynamics of mosquito vectors in association to interventions.
Expected Outcome
* Training of personnel from SaoTomé e Principe and Equatorial Guinea, in Lisbon (PCR) and Rome (Cytogenetics).
* Workshop in Equatorial Guinea, on the project aims and methodologies will take place in March/April 1997.
* Local laboratories, fully equiped, able to carry out studies on vector identification by cytogenetics and DNA extractions.
* Determination of the best mosquito collection methods to apply in the field will be determined and applied within a standardized work programme. Longitudinal time series analysis of (daily) collections from individual houses will be completed after 2-3 years.
* Identification of malaria vectors and parasites by PCR and cytogenetics, on both islands, after 18 months.
* Mapping of collection sites and vector distribution by GPS (Global Positioning System) established within the first year.
* Integration of epidemiological morbidity data with entomological information by the second year.
* Integration with parallel studies on drug resistance in Sao Tomé and Equatorial Guinea.
* The relative risk of malaria transmission, by time of night, area, season and vector species will be determined.
* Appropriate vector control strategies, based on the assessment of these risks, will be defined and implemented in defined sites.
* Collections will be carried out by teams already trained, in both islands, and under supervised visits. These will take place, twice a year for the initial collection of data, followed by regular samplings throughout the year, aimed at studies of distribution and bionomics.
Locations of collections will be made preferably, in relation to a) intervention sites e.g. drainage and local use of mosquito bed nets vs controls; b) randomly determined locations. These are being discussed at this stage.
Population structure will be assessed by specific inversion kayotype studies as well as PCR classification.
During the first year, training on these and other required techniques will take place at Lisbon and Rome. Implementation in the field of these techniques and establishment of functional laboratories in the field will take place in the first year.
* Validation of field sampling methods, including CDC miniature light traps, indoor resting collections, exit window traps and human landing collections, for estimating entomological inoculation rates (EIR), for the different vector species, will be undertaken and the most reliable and cost effective method will be adopted for long term studies.
Vectorial capacity will be further evaluated by standardized ELISA assays for NANP Ag.
Whenever required, age grading studies will take place, after analysis of the first years results.
* PCR methodology will be applied mainly for comparative studies from regions within each island and these will aim specifically to the Anopheles gambiae complex of vectors.
PCR studies aimed at identifying human malaria parasites will take place in order to evaluate transmission of the 4 existing malaria parasites in both islands. These are carried out from both oocysts and salivary glands, from naturally fed mosquitoes, collected from a) patients with identified gametocytes by optical microscopy, b) from a random sample of the population.
PCR studies for the identification of human malaria parasites require preliminary laboratory assays in order to improve DNA extraction from parasites and thereby reduce technical difficulties due to excessive mosquito material. These studies will be initiated in the laboratory in Lisbon.
*
Interventions are planned, locally, aimed at malaria control. These include the utilization of impregnated bed nets (Sao Tomé and Equatorial Guinea), and drainage of some areas in Sao Tomé where malaria is highly prevalent. Both are being implemented now and studies on the dynamics of vector populations will be carried out according to methodologies described above.
Fields of science (EuroSciVoc)
CORDIS classifies projects with EuroSciVoc, a multilingual taxonomy of fields of science, through a semi-automatic process based on NLP techniques. See: The European Science Vocabulary.
CORDIS classifies projects with EuroSciVoc, a multilingual taxonomy of fields of science, through a semi-automatic process based on NLP techniques. See: The European Science Vocabulary.
- medical and health sciences health sciences infectious diseases malaria
- natural sciences biological sciences genetics DNA
- natural sciences physical sciences optics microscopy
- medical and health sciences basic medicine pharmacology and pharmacy drug resistance
- natural sciences biological sciences zoology invertebrate zoology
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Coordinator
1349 LISBOA
Portugal
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