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Verwertbare Ergebnisse
The project results are presented in four categories:
a) fluid inclusion research;
b) upgrading of a P-T computer program;
c) regional petrological research and geodynamic modelling; and
d) experimental investigations.
a) Fluid inclusion research, performed in close combination with mineral and electron microprobe analysis, was carried out in Amsterdam and at Chernogolovka using facilities made available by ISF grants. Metamorphic granulite-facies rocks from the Kandalaksha-Kolvitsa belt (Baltic Shield) reveal a complex history: metamorphic stages M1 to M4 may be distinguished on the basis of mineral parageneses and compositions in different rock types. CO2-rich inclusions are related to the M2 stage (830 C, 8 kb), N2-rich and brine fluids were equilibrated at the M3 stage (690 C, 5.8 kb). Deep granitoid intrusions are assumed to be the source of the CO2-rich gases and the salt-bearing aqueous regime solutions, whereas the origin of N2 is still questionable. Fluid inclusion data indicate that the fluid regime of metamorphism was mainly tectonically controlled.
b) The original TRF program consisted of a closed bank of mineral sensors with rather strict and limited possibilities. The new version allows the user the input of thermometer and barometer equations, calibrated by himself or found in literature. The present program has several extensions: among others, the amount of minerals and of elements has been increased, several ways of ferric iron calculations are available, while in- and output are made user friendly. The program now forms a welcome addition to well-known P-T programs using consistent data sets.
c) Petrological research - filed and laboratory work - concentrated on the above-mentioned rocks, on Central-Kola rocks and, in co-operation with Indian scientists, on the Eastern Ghats mobile belt. Similar temperatures - found for the Baltic Shield and Central-Kola rocks - indicate intensive deformation, accompanied by intrusion of fluids during a short period of uplift. In India, charnockite formation probably reflects conditions of rifting accompanied by an increase of permeability, resulting in substantial heat and fluid flow from depth and due to metamorphism. Data obtained from these terrain's in the Baltic and Indian shields yield a model for the post-peak metamorphism of cyclic alternation of stable periods of subisobaric cooling and short episodes of tectonothermal activity during uplift. The lifetime of these cycles, however, is different for the various belts: about 0.4 Ga for the Central-Kola area, 0.8-0.6 Ga for the Lapland granulite belt, 0.9-1 Ga for the Indian Karnataka craton and about 2.0 Ga for the eastern Ghats mobile belt. Active periods of the metamorphic events appear to be of much shorter duration than relatively quiet times of subisobaric cooling.
d) Experimental data obtained in the systems KMASH, KFMASH, KFMATSH (± CO2) enable the formulation of an empirical equation for the x-H2O calculation in charnockitic rocks. Experiments and thermodynamic data processing in the Ilm-Rt equilibrium show the dependence of the oxygen fugacity on the composition of ilmenite-hematite solid solutions. Garnet zonality experiments suggest a combined process of dissolution of the initial components and crystallisation of newly formed garnet.
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