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Contenuto archiviato il 2024-04-15

DEVELOPMENT OF EXPERIMENTALLY TESTED 3-D COMPUTER CODES FOR FUNDAMENTAL DESIGN OF PROCESS EQUIPMENT INVOLVING NON-NEWTONIAN MULTIPHASE TURBULENT FLUIDS

Obiettivo


Results achieved have included:
the devising and implementation of a non-Newtonian turbulence model and 2 phase liquid solid and liquid gas systems;
models of the effect of turbulent flow on processes such as mixing, heat transfer and mass transfer, chemical reaction, and breakup and coalescence of bubbles and droplets;
improvements in numerical methods for calculating these models.

Computer programs have been developed which are targeted at specific common pieces of process equipment such as stirred tanks. However, the underlying principles can be applied in many ways to many different types of equipment.

The major tasks included:
The formulation of equations for non-Newtonian turbulent flow
Refinement of a model for turbulent liquid-solid flow and its extension to liquid-gas flows. A key aspect of this task was the description of the interaction between particles, bubbles, and turbulent eddies.
Improvement of the numerical algorithms used to solve the governing equations significant improvement was made which will benefit computational fluid dynamics (CFD) in other areas.
Implementation of flow models developed into computer programs for stirred tanks (MIXFLO) and pipes (DUCTFLO). The former required considerable study to formulate appropriate boundary conditions for the impeller in a stirred tank.

Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) has been applied to process engineering problems. 2 of the most common types of equipment used in the chemical industry, namely pipes (including jet mixers) and stirred tanks, but the theoretical foundations developed are applicable to arbitrary geometries.

The predicted flows were compared with experimental data. These comparisons clearly demonstrated the ability of CFD to predict flow patterns accurately, even in situations as complex as those which occur in stirred vessels.

The mechanisms for droplet and bubble breakup and coalescence were studied in detail, leading to expressions for the rate at which these processes take place. Models for these phenomena were assembled.

An efficient mathematical description of mixing and chemical reactions in turbulent flow was formulated. An elegant mathematical description was obtained which can be applied to virtually any mixing or reaction problem.

The mixing, chemical reaction and bubble breakup and coalescence were implemented into computer programs. MIXREACT uses the flow patterns calculated by MIXFLO to solve these problems in stirred tanks whilst DUCTREACT uses DUCTFLO output for computation in pipes. These programs also include heat transfer.

MIXREACT and DUCTREACT output was compared with experimental data. These clearly show how CFD techniques can be used to understand the processes taking place in processing equipment.

THIS PROJECT SETS OUT TO DEVISE, IMPLEMENT AND VERIFY COMPUTATIONAL METHODS FOR THE PREDICTION OF NON-NEWTONIAN MULTI-PHASE TURBULENT FLOW AND THE CONSEQUENT EFFECTS THEREOF IN PROCESS EQUIPMENT.
PREDICTIONS ARE TO BE BASED ON THE FUNDAMENTAL PHYSICS OF LOCAL PHENOMENA AND NOT THE SUSPECT GLOBAL EMPIRICAL CORRELATIONS CURRENTLY USED IN THE CHEMICAL INDUSTRY. THE VERIFIED PREDICTIONS WILL PROVIDE A CAPABILITY FOR BETTER DIAGNOSIS OF EXISTING EQUIPMENT PERFORMANCE AND OPTIMAL DESIGN OF NEW EQUIPMENT WITHOUT EXCESSIVE INTERMEDIATE EXPERIMENTAL SCALE-UP.
FASTER, CHEAPER AND MORE EFFICENT DEVELOPMENT OF NEW PROCESSES WILL RESULT.

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Coordinatore

IMPERIAL CHEMICAL INDUSTRIES PLC
Contributo UE
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Indirizzo
Millbank Imperial Chemical House
SW1P 3JF LONDON
Regno Unito

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