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Biochemical and biophysical characterisation of human meiotic cohesin complexes

Project description

Molecular insight into fertility

Accurate segregation of chromosomes during cell division is central to genetic stability and fertility. The cohesin complex plays a key role in this process, serving as molecular glue between sister chromatids and also maintaining chromosome architecture. While the mitotic cohesin complex has been extensively characterised, our understanding of meiosis-specific variants critical for fertility remains incomplete. With the support of the Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions programme, the MeiCoH project aims to elucidate the molecular functions of human cohesin complexes. Researchers will utilise advanced biochemical and single-molecule techniques to study how these complexes interact with DNA and associated regulatory proteins.

Objective

The cohesin complex is an essential component of mitotic and meiotic chromosomes due to its ability to control the topology of DNA. The core cohesin complex is a ring-like structure composed of two structural maintenance of chromosome proteins plus a kleisin that recruits additional subunits that control the loading and activity of cohesin on DNA. Recent single-molecule approaches show that cohesin displays two primary activities in vitro: ATP-dependent DNA translocation, leading to the formation of DNA loops, and topological entrapment of two DNA molecules, which can explain sister chromatid cohesion. These experiments used cohesin complexes containing the mitotic kleisisin RAD21, but higher eukaryotes express meiosis-specific kleisins, including RAD21L and REC8 in mammals, that are essential for fertility. Although in vivo experiments in mouse and C. elegans suggest that REC8 and RAD21L complexes display functional specialisation, the molecular activity of these complexes remains unknown. The goal of this project is to perform a biochemical and biophysical characterisation of human cohesin complexes containing the REC8 and RAD21L kleisins. To this end, I will combine bulk biochemical approaches with single-molecule methods (TIRF microscopy, optical tweezers) to determine the ATPase activity, complex formation with cohesin regulators (SA3, PDS5, NIPBL), topological DNA entrapment, and loop formation activity of human REC8 and RAD21L complexes. This project will provide mechanistic insights into the mechanisms that ensure fertility in humans.

Fields of science (EuroSciVoc)

Keywords

Programme(s)

Topic(s)

Funding Scheme

HORIZON-TMA-MSCA-PF-EF - HORIZON TMA MSCA Postdoctoral Fellowships - European Fellowships

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Call for proposal

(opens in new window) HORIZON-MSCA-2024-PF-01

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Coordinator

UNITED KINGDOM RESEARCH AND INNOVATION
Net EU contribution
€ 260 347,92
Address
POLARIS HOUSE NORTH STAR AVENUE
SN2 1FL SWINDON
United Kingdom
Region
South West (England) Gloucestershire, Wiltshire and Bristol/Bath area Swindon
Activity type
Research Organisations
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Total cost
No data