Descrizione del progetto
Protocolli crittografici solidi per affrontare gli attacchi quantistici
In crittografia, una dimostrazione a conoscenza zero è un protocollo in cui una parte (il dimostratore) riconosce la verità di una dichiarazione ad un’altra parte (il verificatore) senza trasmettere alcuna informazione aggiuntiva. Il progetto PLAZA, finanziato dall’UE, si propone di creare dimostrazioni pratiche a conoscenza zero in grado di resistere agli attacchi quantistici. Il progetto utilizzerà problemi relativi alla rigidità del reticolo, che costituiscono un insieme molto promettente di ipotesi sfruttabili per creare i più efficienti schemi di crittografia e firma digitale resistenti ai quanti. La sfida consisterà nella creazione di schemi più complessi, ma pratici, basati sul reticolo e nella costruzione di dimostrazioni a conoscenza zero più efficienti.
Obiettivo
The world is on a seemingly irreversible path towards a more privacy-oriented and decentralized mode of
storing and operating on data. A lot of this transformation is being enabled by advanced cryptography that’s
designed to cut out the need for trusted third parties that we rely on today. The effect of this transformation
is a more secure and, at the same time, a more efficient way of interaction in which the manual checks and
audits are instead embedded into the cryptographic protocols themselves. Another technological development
that’s on the horizon is a general-purpose quantum computer, whose utility comes from the fact that it will
be able to solve some problems considerably faster than a classical computer. Because of the multitude of
its positive scientific applications, building such a computer is being vigorously pursued by governments and
private companies. The main negative consequence of quantum computing is that it breaks most of the
cryptography that’s crucial to the privacy transformation.
The main ingredient of privacy-centric cryptography is a zero-knowledge proof for showing knowledge
of an x satisfying f(x) = y without revealing anything else about x. The most compact zero-knowledge
proofs currently rely on the hardness of various mathematical assumptions which are no longer difficult in
the presence of quantum computers. The central objective of the PLAZA project will be to create practical
zero-knowledge proofs that can withstand quantum attacks by basing them on the hardness of lattice problems.
Lattice problems are a very promising set of assumptions upon which to base cryptography and they
are currently being used to create the most efficient quantum-resistant encryption and signature schemes.
Creating more complex, but still practical, lattice-based schemes has so far proved to be a major challenge
mostly due to the difficulty of constructing efficient zero-knowledge proofs – and this is the problem that the
project proposes to solve.
Campo scientifico
Programma(i)
Argomento(i)
Meccanismo di finanziamento
ERC-COG - Consolidator GrantIstituzione ospitante
8803 Rueschlikon
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