Autistic Perception and the Predictive Role of Visual Experience

Descrizione del progetto

Risolvere la percezione visiva alterata e la previsione nel disturbo dello spettro autistico

La capacità di prevedere eventi o processi futuri sulla base di esperienze precedenti è un’abilità propria di molti organismi viventi, determinante per il loro funzionamento e la loro sopravvivenza. Nel caso del disturbo dello spettro autistico, gli studi sostengono una disfunzione nella capacità di un individuo di campionare la scena visiva attuale per aggiornare i «precedenti» visivi. Con il supporto del programma di azioni Marie Skłodowska-Curie, il progetto APPROVE sta conducendo esperimenti di monitoraggio oculare basati sull’ipotesi che gli impedimenti associati alle saccadi (movimenti oculari rapidi verso oggetti di interesse visivo) siano responsabili della formazione di precedenti deboli. I risultati miglioreranno la comprensione dei sintomi percettivi del disturbo dello spettro autistico e avranno il potenziale di indicare i biomarcatori di questa condizione patologica.

Obiettivo

"Localizing stimuli in our environment is crucial for virtually all motor, perceptual and cognitive tasks. The brain is constantly confronted with sensory information that must be processed efficiently to facilitate appropriate reactions. One way of improving processing efficiency is to predict incoming sensory information based on previous experience. However, the way in which prior experience (""priors"" within the Bayesian framework) and current sensory inputs are combined varies between individuals. This project is based on state-of-the-art eye-tracking experiments driven by recent theoretical developments in Autism Spectrum Disorder research. While abnormalities in saccade accuracy in ASD have often been reported, here we investigate the novel hypothesis that impairments in saccade efference-copy processing are responsible for the build-up of weak priors. The project focuses on the dynamic processes by which the brain samples visual scenes to update its model. Eye-movement and pupillometry indices will be used to track differences in visual behavior between ASD and matched controls. The project is intrinsically multidisciplinary, combining educational psychology, neuropsychology, psychophysics, eye-movement and pupillometyry measurement, and virtual reality. This proposal includes both the transfer of knowledge from the host institution and the training of the candidate in new advanced techniques. The results have the potential capacity to lead to a deeper understanding of the perceptual symptoms of ASD, and may also provide a biomarker of ASD. Finally, the project will provide a new theoretical framework within which to conceptualize the role of priors and predictions in visual behavior in normal and pathological eye-movement development which will lay the groundwork for new insights into the link between potential early visual behavior vulnerability in childhood and the subsequent onset of socio-communicative difficulties and behavioral stereotypes in adulthood."