Ascidian development and cytoplasmic reorganizations: dissecting the mechanisms that pattern developmental determinants and shape embryonic development

Projektinformationen

ACRO

ID Finanzhilfevereinbarung: 101031780

DOI

10.3030/101031780

Das Projekt endete am 30 Juni 2021

EK-Unterschriftsdatum 18 Februar 2021

Startdatum 1 März 2021

Enddatum 28 Februar 2023

Finanziert unter

• EXCELLENT SCIENCE - Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions

Gesamtkosten

€ 174 167,04

EU-Beitrag

€ 174 167,04

Koordiniert durch

INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY AUSTRIA
Austria

Periodic Reporting for period 1 - ACRO (Ascidian development and cytoplasmic reorganizations: dissecting the mechanisms that pattern developmental determinants and shape embryonic development)

Berichtszeitraum: 2021-03-01 bis 2023-02-28

Zusammenfassung vom Kontext und den Gesamtzielen des Projekts

In many animals, the asymmetries that underlie the specification of the body axes are established in the fertilized egg. For example, in frog and ascidian eggs, fertilization triggers massive cytoskeletal-dependent reorganizations of the cytosol to asymmetrically pattern developmental determinants along the prospective body axes. Thus, to understand axis specification, we must elucidate how cytoskeletal forces are organized in space and time and how eggs harness these forces to establish polarity.
Despite its critical role in determining cell fate, remarkably little is known about the mechanisms that orchestrate cytoplasmic reorganization and the distribution of maternal factors in ascidians. The overall aim of this proposal was to elucidate the molecular, cellular, and biophysical processes that drive cytoplasmic reorganization and how cytoplasmic reorganization determines the localization of maternal factors that pattern the developing embryo.
This project employed high-resolution microscopy, force and cell shape manipulations, and proximity biotinylation to address the following fundamental questions:
1) What are the microtubule-dependent mechanisms that regulate cytoplasmic reorganization
and anterior-posterior polarity in the ascidian egg?
2) How does cytoplasmic reorganization control the precise positioning of developmental determinants?
This study will shed light on the principles underlying anterior-posterior body axis specification and embryo patterning in ascidians and deepen our understanding of how embryogenesis is conserved among chordates.

Arbeit, die ab Beginn des Projekts bis zum Ende des durch den Bericht erfassten Berichtszeitraums geleistet wurde, und die wichtigsten bis dahin erzielten Ergebnisse

For this study, we have developed new tools for live cell imaging the microtubule and actin cytoskeletons and for proximity biotinylation of key cytoplasmic domains. We have collected high-quality images of the microtubule cytoskeleton in the developing ascidian embryo under various conditions in order to understand the role of microtubules in cytoplasmic reorganization.

Fortschritte, die über den aktuellen Stand der Technik hinausgehen und voraussichtliche potenzielle Auswirkungen (einschließlich der bis dato erzielten sozioökonomischen Auswirkungen und weiter gefassten gesellschaftlichen Auswirkungen des Projekts)

The asymmetric distribution of cytoplasmic components is a common strategy used to establish embryo patterning. Therefore, unraveling the mechanisms that create asymmetry is critical for understanding animal development. To address this gap, we have taken an interdisciplinary approach, combining advanced microscopy applications, biophysical techniques that allow for the precise measurement and manipulation of forces, and proteomics to resolve the localization patterns of developmental determinants and the cellular and molecular mechanisms that control these patterns. This type of interdisciplinary approach has not been carried out in ascidian embryos at this stage of development and will provide an integrated understanding of the cytoskeletal-dependent mechanisms that control cytoplasmic reorganization by unraveling the dynamic interplay between cytoskeletal dynamics, force generation, and cell polarity during development. By bringing together multidisciplinary approaches and developing new tools, we are able to uniquely investigate the common strategies used to establish cytoplasmic organization in cells and embryos.

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