Sustainable processing of Europe's low-grade sulphidic and lateritic nickel/cobalt ores and tailings into battery-grade metals

Projektinformationen

ENICON

ID Finanzhilfevereinbarung: 101058124

DOI

10.3030/101058124

Projekt abgeschlossen

EK-Unterschriftsdatum 8 Juni 2022

Startdatum 1 Juni 2022

Enddatum 31 Mai 2026

Finanziert unter

• Climate, Energy and Mobility

Gesamtkosten

€ 6 019 237,50

EU-Beitrag

€ 6 019 237,00

Koordiniert durch

KATHOLIEKE UNIVERSITEIT LEUVEN
Belgium

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Leistungen

Documents, reports (4)

Technical report on success of direct simultaneous anodic Co-oxide and cathodic Ni recovery in HCl route

Technical report on success of direct simultaneous anodic Co-oxide and cathodic Ni recovery in HCl route, determining the decision to select the processing strategy (T3.1.1 vs. T3.2.2) for further Co recovery validation (cf. milestone: Decision to continue with direct anodic Co recovery (T3.1.1) or focus 100% on alternative, direct recovery Co-oxide product on anode from purified Co solution (T3.1.2).

Report on characterisation, surface chemistry, metal deportment/partitioning & mass balance for sulphides and laterites

Report on characterisation, surface chemistry, metal deportment/partitioning & mass balance for sulphides and laterites. This is in line with Tasks 1.1 and 1.2.

Technical report on the success of the various unit processes in the HCl-route for the 5 distinct ENICON input materials

Technical report on the success of the various unit processes in the HCl-route for the 5 distinct ENICON input materials. This provides a basis for the decision to select the 3 most appropriate streams for further process integration and validation (cf. milestone: Selection of 3 most appropriate (cf. TEA) ENICON input streams for further processintegration & validation in T2.3.5 (candidates: FeNi product, Ni laterites, Ni/Co-sulphideconcentrate, MHP/MSP from pyrite tailings, carbonated Ni-silicate tailings))

Report on identified projects for clustering activities

Report on identified projects for clustering activities. TUC will identify all relevant & related EU projects in both Horizon Europe and Horizon 2020. Project coordinators are contacted by TUC.

Veröffentlichungen

Peer reviewed articles (15)

Electrochemical cobalt oxidation in chloride media

Autoren: Iryna Makarava, Jere Vänskä, Agnieszka Kramek, Jacek Ryl, Benjamin P. Wilson, Kirsi Yliniemi, Mari Lundström
Veröffentlicht in: Minerals Engineering, Ausgabe 211, 2024, ISSN 0892-6875
Herausgeber: Elsevier BV
DOI: 10.1016/J.MINENG.2024.108679

Molecular thermodynamic model for solvent extraction of mineral acids by tri-n-butyl phosphate (TBP)

Autoren: Rayco Lommelen, Koen Binnemans
Veröffentlicht in: Separation and Purification Technology, Ausgabe 313, 2024, ISSN 1383-5866
Herausgeber: Elsevier BV
DOI: 10.1016/J.SEPPUR.2023.123475

Contribution of alkali activation towards zero-waste management, low-carbon cities and sustainable development

Autoren: Kostas Komnitsas
Veröffentlicht in: IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, Ausgabe 1558, 2025, ISSN 1755-1307
Herausgeber: IOP Publishing
DOI: 10.1088/1755-1315/1558/1/012043

High-temperature slag engineering in pursuit of effective mineral carbonation of pyroxene-rich ferronickel slag

Autoren: Arne Peys, Natalia Pires Martins, Fernando Prado Araujo, Konstantinos Komnitsas, Peter Nielsen
Veröffentlicht in: Journal of CO2 Utilization, Ausgabe 95, 2025, ISSN 2212-9820
Herausgeber: Elsevier BV
DOI: 10.1016/J.JCOU.2025.103077

Cradle to gate life-cycle assessment of battery grade nickel sulphate production through high-pressure acid leaching

Autoren: Georgios Bartzas, Konstantinos Komnitsas
Veröffentlicht in: Science of The Total Environment, Ausgabe 952, 2024, ISSN 0048-9697
Herausgeber: Elsevier BV
DOI: 10.1016/J.SCITOTENV.2024.175902

Mineralogical controls on Ni and Co recovery during HCl leaching of laterites

Autoren: F. Araujo , N. Magalhães, E. Vassilieva, G. Rollinson, J. Andersen, R. Crane, S. Tampouris, H. Hughes, P. Muchez
Veröffentlicht in: International Journal of Minerals, Metallurgy and Materials, Ausgabe 33,9, ISSN 1674-4799
Herausgeber: University of Science and Technology Beijing
DOI: 10.48804/UR0JVP

Predictive thermodynamic model for solvent extraction of Iron(III) by tri-n-butyl phosphate (TBP) from chloride media

Autoren: Rayco Lommelen, Brecht Dewulf, Jakob Bussé, Koen Binnemans
Veröffentlicht in: Separation and Purification Technology, Ausgabe 348, 2024, ISSN 1383-5866
Herausgeber: Elsevier BV
DOI: 10.1016/J.SEPPUR.2024.127708

Akermanitic clinker unlocks the potential of Mg-silicates for carbonation cured construction materials

Autoren: Peys, Arne; Martins, Natalia Pires; Prado Araujo, Fernando; Nielsen, Peter
Veröffentlicht in: Frontiers in Materials, 2025, ISSN 2296-8016
Herausgeber: Frontiers Media S.A.
DOI: 10.3389/FMATS.2025.1570367

Recovery of nickel and cobalt from ferronickel alloy by hydrochloric acid leaching and continuous counter-current solvent extraction

Autoren: Seyedeh Maryam Sadeghi, Clara Vermoere, Stylianos Tampouris, Koen Binnemans, Brecht Dewulf
Veröffentlicht in: Separation and Purification Technology, Ausgabe 397, 2026, ISSN 1383-5866
Herausgeber: Elsevier BV
DOI: 10.1016/J.SEPPUR.2026.138092

Nickel, Cobalt, and Copper Recovery from Nickel Smelting Slag Using Biochar as Reductant

Autoren: Fabiola Lasar, Lassi Klemettinen, Hugh O’Brien, Benjamin P. Wilson, Daniel Lindberg
Veröffentlicht in: Journal of Sustainable Metallurgy, 2026, ISSN 2199-3823
Herausgeber: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
DOI: 10.1007/S40831-026-01690-X

Main factors that influence alkali activation of slag produced after pyrometallurgical treatment of laterites

Autoren: Kostas Komnitsas, Vasiliki Karmali, Dimitra Vathi, Georgios Bartzas
Veröffentlicht in: IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, Ausgabe 1558, 2025, ISSN 1755-1307
Herausgeber: IOP Publishing
DOI: 10.1088/1755-1315/1558/1/012042

Hydrochloric Acid Leaching of Low–grade Limonitic Laterite

Autoren: K. Komnitsas, V. Karmali, G. Bartzas, A. Kritikaki
Veröffentlicht in: Circular Economy and Sustainability, Ausgabe 6, 2026, ISSN 2730-597X
Herausgeber: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
DOI: 10.1007/S43615-026-00886-3

Energy transition metals: Future demand and low carbon processing technologies

Autoren: Komnitsas, K., Lazos, I., and Eerola, T.
Veröffentlicht in: Materials Proceedings, 2023, Ausgabe 15, 56, ISSN 2673-4605
Herausgeber: MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/MATERPROC2023015056

Factors affecting the properties of slag-based alkali activated materials

Autoren: Komnitsas, K., Karmali,V., Vathi, D., Kaklamanos, E
Veröffentlicht in: Materials Proceedings, 2023, Ausgabe 15, 19, ISSN 2673-4605
Herausgeber: MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/MATERPROC2023015019

Synthesis and Morphology of Slag-based Alkali-Activated Materials

Autoren: Konstantinos Komnitsas; Arne Peys; Stylianos Tampouris; Vasiliki Karmali; Georgios Bartzas; Dimitra Vathi; Anna Kritikaki
Veröffentlicht in: Mining, Metallurgy & Exploration, 2024, ISSN 2524-3462
Herausgeber: Springer Nature
DOI: 10.1007/S42461-024-01161-5

Conference proceedings (23)

Objecticves and ambition towards climate neutrality

Autoren: Doitsidis, L., Kritikaki, A., Komnitsas, K.
Veröffentlicht in: 2023
Herausgeber: EIS

Socio-environmental aspects related to the implementation of Strategic Projects; potential impacts on Europe's Green and Digital Transitions

Autoren: Komnitsas, K.
Veröffentlicht in: 2025 OECD Conference of Mining Regions and Cities, 16-18 June 2025, Rovaniemi, Finland
Herausgeber: OECD

Geochemical and environmental assessment of mining-metallurgical wastes and alkali activated materials

Autoren: K. Komnitsas, V. Karmali, D. Vathi
Herausgeber: 9th International Slag Valorization Symposium from residues to resources and resilience

Is alkali activation of mixtures of marl and slag or metakaolin a feasible option for the stabilization of clayey soils?

Autoren: Komnitsas, K., Vathi D., Steiakakis, E., Kritikaki, A.
Veröffentlicht in: 38th International Conference on Geochemistry and Health (SEGH 2023), 2-6 July 2023, Athens, GR
Herausgeber: SEGH 2023

Characterization of porous ceramics produced from silicate tailings

Autoren: K. Komnitsas, C. Gourdomichali, A. Kritikaki
Herausgeber: th International Conference on Industrial and Hazardous Waste Management

An Alternative Cobalt and Nickel Electrochemical Recovery Method for Improved Process Sustainability

Autoren: Iryna Makarava, Mika Sahlman, Thi Le, Benjamin P. Wilson, Kirsi Yliniemi, Mari Lundström
Veröffentlicht in: Proceedings of the 63rd Conference of Metallurgists, COM 2024, 2024
Herausgeber: Springer Nature Switzerland
DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-67398-6_106

Towards a greener nickel industry: A life cycle assessment case study

Autoren: K. Komnitsas, G. Bartzas
Herausgeber: IPMS2023

ENICON Matrix Valorisation: Towards near-zero waste in Europe's Ni/Co supply chain

Autoren: Arne Peys, Lieven Machiels, Konstantinos Komnitsas
Herausgeber: 8th International Slag Valorisation Symposium

Forensic geometallurgy of Ni-Co laterites: Sustainable processing of Europe's low-grade ores and tailings into battery-grade metals

Autoren: Prado Araujo, Fernando; Muchez, Philippe; Andersen, Jens; Magalhães, Nívea; Crane, Richard; Hughes, Hannah
Veröffentlicht in: 2023

Properties of Alkali Activated Materials produced from Metallurgical Slag and other Additives,

Autoren: Komnitsas, K., Karmali, V., Petrakis, E., Kritikaki, A., and O. Pantelaki, O.
Veröffentlicht in: 2024
Herausgeber: CEMEPE

Upgrading of ferronickel to battery-grade nickel

Autoren: B. Dewulf
Herausgeber: IPMS2025

The effect of biochar addition on the properties of alkali-activated materials produced from silicate tailings

Autoren: V. Karmali, D. Vathi, D, A. Kritikaki, K. Komnitsas
Herausgeber: SUSTENG2024

Properties of Alkali Activated Materials produced from Metallurgical Slag and other Additives

Autoren: K. Komnitsas, V. Karmali, E. Petrakis, A. Kritikaki, A. Pantelaki
Herausgeber: 10th International Conference on Environmental Management, Engineering, Planning and Economics (CEMEPE) & SECOTOX Conference

Akermanitic carbonatable clinkers: overview of technical and environmental performance.

Autoren: N. Pires Martins, G. Bartzas, K. Komnitsas, A. Peys
Herausgeber: 1st International Conference on Mg-based cements

A preliminary life cycle assessment of a new HCl-based processing route for battery grade Ni/Co production

Autoren: Bartzas, G., Komnitsas, K
Herausgeber: MCV24

The importance of techno-economic assessment (TEA) in mining, metallurgical and waste valorisation projects

Autoren: Ipsakis, D., Konsolakis, M., Granata, G., Komnitsas, K
Veröffentlicht in: SDIMI, Torino, Italy, July 9-11, 2024
Herausgeber: SDIMI 2024

Sustainable processing of European nickel and cobalt ores and tailings into battery-grade metals

Autoren: B. Dewulf
Herausgeber: 1st International Circular Hydrometallurgy Symposium

Nickel slag cleaning using hydrogen as reductant.

Autoren: Lasar, F., Andersson, A., Klemettinen, L., O’Brien, H., & Lindberg, D.
Veröffentlicht in: Proceedings of EMC 2025, Ausgabe 1, 515-529
Herausgeber: EMC 2025

Mineralogical controls on the Ni and Co recovery from HCl leaching of laterites

Autoren: Araujo F.P., Virrey M.D., Vassilieva E., Magalhães N., Rollinson G., Sadeghi S., Dewulf B., Tampouris S., Binnemans K., Andersen J., Hughes H., Muchez P.
Herausgeber: Process Mineralogy 24

Engineering the phase composition of akermanitic carbonatable clinkers to achieve high CO2 reactivity

Autoren: Peys, Arne; Pires Martins, Natalia
Veröffentlicht in: 2025
Herausgeber: Zenodo
DOI: 10.5281/ZENODO.15304297

Mineral carbonation of a ferronickel slag-based clinker

Autoren: Pires Martins, Natalia; Peys, Arne
Veröffentlicht in: 2025
Herausgeber: Zenodo
DOI: 10.5281/ZENODO.15304122

Biochar as an Alternative Reductant in Nickel Slag Cleaning: First Results from Large Laboratory-Scale Experiments

Autoren: Fabiola Lasar, Anton Andersson, Lassi Klemettinen, Hugh O’Brien, Daniel Lindberg
Veröffentlicht in: Ni‐Co 2025, 6th International Symposium on Nickel and Cobalt, 2025
Herausgeber: Springer Nature Switzerland
DOI: 10.1007/978-3-032-00167-2_57

Ni/Co recovery from ferronickel (FeNi) ores using an HCl-based route

Autoren: Sadeghi, S.M.
Herausgeber: 1st International Circular Hydrometallurgy Symposium

Thesis and dissertations (2)

Anodic cobalt oxide recovery for batterygrade precursors from multi-metal solutions

Autoren: Elisa Kemppainen
Herausgeber: Aalto University

Anodic Cobalt Recovery from Multi-metal Solutions: Assessment and Feasibility

Autoren: Mikko Riikonen
Herausgeber: Aalto University