Bulk rare earth free permanent magnets

Projektbeschreibung

Neuartiges Verfahren für Permanentmagnete

Permanentmagnete sind wesentliche Komponenten in schnell wachsenden umweltfreundlichen Technologien wie der Elektromobilität. Ihre Produktion nimmt daher zu. Heutzutage basieren Hochleistungspermanentmagnete auf Materialien, die einen hohen Anteil an Kobalt und Seltenen Erden enthalten. Aufbauend auf dem ERC Starting Grant SPDTuM – der eine neue Verarbeitungsroute zur Synthese von Permanentmagneten entwickelte – zielt das ERC-finanzierte Projekt REFMAG darauf ab, diese Route auf das MnBi-System anzuwenden, eine seltenerdfreie Alternative zu den derzeit verwendeten NdFeB-Magneten. Die auf MnBi basierenden Magnete werden sich besonders gut für Hochtemperaturanwendungen eignen. Die neuartigen MnBi-Permanentmagnete werden mit modernsten Methoden hinsichtlich ihrer Mikrostruktur und magnetischen Eigenschaften charakterisiert.

Ziel

Permanent magnets are essential components of an enormous amount of consumer and industrial products. Their production rises annually, especially due to their use in fast growing green technologies such as electric mobility. High performance magnets with a large energy product are usually based on the NdFeB material system. The major components are rare-earth elements, which are listed as critical materials. Novel permanent magnets use the concept of magnetic coupling effects. In course of the ERC Starting Grant SPDTuM we have developed a new processing route to synthesize permanent magnets based on this concept. The objective of this ERC PoC Grant is to use this processing route and apply it to the MnBi system, which represent a rare-earth free alternative to the currently used NdFeB magnets. As additional benefit, the magnetic α-MnBi phase exhibits an increasing coercivity with rising temperature. Thus, magnets based on MnBi will be especially well-suited for high temperature applications. We use high-pressure torsion, a severe plastic deformation method, for processing, which has the advantage that the key α-MnBi phase can be directly formed during processing. Coupled to a soft magnetic phase, a high performance permanent magnet with an excellent energy product will be obtained. So far, this type of magnet has only been successfully obtained in limited volumes (thin films, powders). With our processing route it is possible to synthesize magnets in dimensions with about 100000 times larger volume. The novel MnBi permanent magnets will be characterized with state-of-the-art methods in terms of their microstructure and magnetic properties. The up-scaling potential of the developed processes from laboratory to industrial conditions will be further critically evaluated. These activities will be complemented by patent protection to facilitate commercialization and outreach to potential industry partners for the introduction of our novel method and new collaborations.

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