In terms of soil variability, the correlations developed to date are site specific and must be developed individually. The findings should be inputted into ground models and assist with choosing design values, saving overall costs in construction.
The project successfully developed a VUMAT subroutine for the SANISAND-MS constitutive model. Simulations analysed the stress field, strain field, and void ratio evolution during anchor pullout, revealing soil property changes and interaction between the anchor and sandy soil.
Centrifuge experiments were conducted using an adjustable inclined loading apparatus. The findings provide a scientific basis for optimising suction anchor design.
FRONTIErS is investigating effects on tensile capacity and integrating these findings into a Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) for pile aging. This is expected to reveal economic and environmental benefits for the energy sector.
FRONTIErS research is anticipated to improve the reliability of CPT-based p-y models. Considerations such as soil index parameters, cyclic effects, and scour phenomena will reduce uncertainties in foundation design.
Uncertainty propagation through metamodels has been performed using the Monte Carlo method. This allows the study of the monopile structure and the wind turbine. This is a fundamental design parameter, and it is possible to estimate the failure probability and reliability index.
Cone Penetration Tests (CPT) have been successful, indicating that pile installation is possible, to get a better understanding of the soil response, then refine design equations and increase effieicency of design.
On soil modelling, research undertaken will provide a model that considers the influence of grain crushing on the behaviour of sandy soils. It could be used for other engineering applications such as earth dams.
Intended G-PFEM enhancements will provide a platform to study the installation effects to expand the use of monopiles.
The primary tests on monopile foundations will provide insights into failure modes and strength degradation behaviour. Results will contribute to more effective design methodologies for monopile foundations.
