Single-atom catalysts (SACs) are an emerging class of materials that push the boundaries of catalysis by maximizing the efficiency of metal usage. Unlike traditional catalysts that rely on clusters or nanoparticles, SACs feature individual metal atoms anchored to a support, making every atom accessible for reaction. This unique architecture can lead to unparalleled catalytic activity and selectivity, opening new avenues for cleaner and more efficient chemical processes. However, harnessing the full potential of SACs remains a formidable challenge. It requires precise control over the placement and environment of each atom, advanced techniques to visualize and characterize their structure at the atomic scale, and innovative strategies to implement them in realistic, scalable systems. Funded through an ERC Starting Grant, the SAC_2.0 project was established to address these interconnected challenges through a multifaceted approach that combines atomic-level catalyst design, advanced manufacturing techniques, and cross-disciplinary collaboration spanning chemistry, materials science, and engineering.
Central to the project is the advancement of carbon nitride (CNx)-based SACs, where isolated metal atoms are anchored within a structured, tunable support. SAC_2.0 aimed to gain deep insights into the structure and reactivity of these catalysts, to develop scalable and reproducible fabrication methods, and to demonstrate their utility in continuous-flow reactor systems for sustainable chemical transformations. In doing so, the project sought to pave the way for a new generation of environmentally friendly catalytic technologies. The expected outcomes include major progress in sustainable catalysis, improved resource efficiency, and the creation of atomically designed reactor platforms tailored for scalable photochemical processes. In sum, SAC_2.0 intends to shape a future where chemical production is more selective, efficient, and environmentally responsible.
