Description du projet
Une approche conjointe de la quantification des émissions
La déclaration des émissions est une démarche cruciale. Deux méthodes de déclaration différentes existent. On trouve d’une part la «méthode ascendante», qui estime les émissions au moyen de l’analyse des données d’activité couplées à des facteurs d’émission, et d’autre part la «méthode descendante», qui estime les émissions en se basant sur les observations de la concentration atmosphérique. Seuls quelques pays utilisent une approche mixte, qui est considérée comme une bonne pratique. Dans ce contexte, le projet PARIS, financé par l’UE, cherche à renforcer considérablement l’adoption de cette approche conjointe de l’évaluation des émissions. Le projet élaborera des annexes annuelles aux rapports d’inventaire nationaux (NIR pour National Inventory Reports) à l’intention de huit pays d’Europe. D’une manière générale, il vise à accroître (quadrupler) le nombre de pays qui intègrent des estimations d’émissions descendantes dans leur NIR.
Objectif
There are only a few countries worldwide, and only two in Europe (the UK and Switzerland, via our team), who routinely report their emissions using bottom-up (inventory) and top-down (atmospheric data-based) methods together. The central aim of PARIS is to significantly increase the uptake of this joint approach to emissions evaluation. We target research areas that have been shown, through our previous successes, to be of high value to inventory compilers, or have been only partly explored in previous projects. To engage inventory teams early in the project, we focus on new emissions estimates for fluorinated gases (F-gases), which have relatively simple source distributions, but poorly understood magnitudes. We will extend to eight countries across Europe our proven approach in using top-down constraints to evaluate inventory F-gas models. For greenhouse gases (GHGs) with a more complex mixture of sources, methane and carbon dioxide, research in PARIS focuses on the attribution of fluxes to particular sources and sinks. We will advance our world-leading isotopologue measurements and tracer-based analysis methods, providing inventory teams with new information to target areas of uncertainty. For nitrous oxide, a GHG for which most European inventories rely on highly simplified and uncertain bottom-up methods, two process-level models will be advanced to produce time- and space-resolved estimates that will be evaluated against isotopic data. For the important, but complex, climate forcers, organic matter aerosol and black carbon, we will take the next steps required towards robust top-down emissions inference by developing source apportionment methods. To generate maximum impact, we will synthesise these advances in the form of draft annual Annexes to National Inventory Reports (NIRs) for eight PARIS focus countries. If adopted, this will represent almost a quadrupling of the number of countries globally that include top-down emissions estimates in their NIRs.
Champ scientifique
- natural sciencesearth and related environmental sciencesenvironmental sciencessustainability sciences
- natural sciencesearth and related environmental sciencesatmospheric sciencesmeteorologyatmospheric circulation
- natural sciencesearth and related environmental sciencesatmospheric sciencesmeteorologytroposphere
Programme(s)
Thème(s)
Régime de financement
HORIZON-RIA - HORIZON Research and Innovation ActionsCoordinateur
3584 CS Utrecht
Pays-Bas