Between domestication and ferality: cattle-human relationships in the making of post-colonial South-American society

Descripción del proyecto

Un análisis más detallado del complejo legado del ganado vacuno en Sudamérica

Desde su llegada con los colonizadores a finales del siglo XV, el ganado ibérico ha viajado junto al ser humano, dando forma a la colonización de Sudamérica. Esta asociación histórica dio lugar a un crecimiento exponencial de la cabaña ganadera, lo que impulsó el notable éxito de la industria ganadera. Sin embargo, esta prosperidad tuvo un coste: la deforestación, el cambio climático y la desigualdad social. En este contexto, el equipo del proyecto CowDom, financiado por el Consejo Europeo de Investigación, está preparado para esclarecer la intrincada red de relaciones entre el hombre y el ganado. En CowDom se explorarán diversas configuraciones relacionales en el proceso de domesticación, examinando el ganado asilvestrado y «mejorado» en centros de producción ganadera sudamericanos como Argentina, Brasil, Colombia y Paraguay. Equipos interdisciplinarios de zoólogos y antropólogos realizarán investigaciones etnográficas sobre las ferias de ganado y los territorios de ganado salvaje.

Objetivo

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Starting with Columbus third trip to the Caribbean, Iberian cattle accompanied humans in the colonization of the South American continent. Since then, the cattle population has grown exponentially all over the region, adapting to a variety of local ecologies, being exported all over the world and leading to the cattle industrys spectacular historical trajectory and economic success. Nevertheless, the increase in beef and diary cattle production brought along negative consequences such as deforestation, climate change and social inequality.
Although the influence of cattle-human relationships on society has been an object of study since the beginnings of the anthropological discipline, the study of their entanglement with colonial ideologies and of their influence on South American society is just starting to take shape.
In order to highlight cultural and historical trajectories and create a new framework of analysis, Cow-Dom will compare different forms of human-cattle relationships by focusing on opposing relational configurations of the domestication process - feral cattle on the one hand and the so-called racially ""improved"" cattle on the other - in some of the South American countries with the most intensive cattle production (Argentina, Brazil, Colombia and Paraguay). What values and ideologies, frictions and dilemmas, and what new socio-ecological systems did cattles presence enable both at the center and at the margins of society?
In order to answer these questions, CowDom will rely on long-term ethnographic fieldwork in cattle fairs and in areas with feral and semi-feral cattle. The fieldwork will be carried out by interdisciplinary teams formed by zoologists and anthropologists.
The project will establish an innovative theoretical framework to analyse cattle-human relationships in a post-colonial context and incorporate experimental research tools such as video making and the collaboration with a contemporary art museum in South America."