Between domestication and ferality: cattle-human relationships in the making of post-colonial South-American society

Projektbeschreibung

Das komplexe Erbe von Rindern in Südamerika genauer im Blick

Seit ihrer Ankunft im Zuge der Kolonisation Ende des 15. Jahrhunderts sind die iberischen Rinder mit den Menschen gereist, wobei sie die Kolonisierung Südamerikas dauerhaft prägten. Diese historische Partnerschaft führte zu einem exponentiellen Wachstum des Rinderbestandes und begründete auf diese Weise den bemerkenswerten Erfolg der Rinderwirtschaft. Dieser Wohlstand hatte jedoch seinen Preis: Entwaldung, Klimawandel und soziale Ungleichheit. In diesem Zusammenhang besteht das Ziel des ERC-finanzierten Projekts CowDom darin, das komplizierte Geflecht der Beziehungen zwischen Mensch und Rind ans Licht zu bringen. Im Rahmen von CowDom werden verschiedene Beziehungskonfigurationen im Domestizierungsprozess erkundet, wobei wilde und „verbesserte“ Rinder in südamerikanischen Rinderproduktionszentren wie Argentinien, Brasilien, Kolumbien und Paraguay erforscht werden. Interdisziplinäre Zoologie- und Anthropologieteams werden ethnografische Forschungsarbeit über Viehmärkte und Wildrindergebiete durchführen.

Ziel

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Starting with Columbus third trip to the Caribbean, Iberian cattle accompanied humans in the colonization of the South American continent. Since then, the cattle population has grown exponentially all over the region, adapting to a variety of local ecologies, being exported all over the world and leading to the cattle industrys spectacular historical trajectory and economic success. Nevertheless, the increase in beef and diary cattle production brought along negative consequences such as deforestation, climate change and social inequality.
Although the influence of cattle-human relationships on society has been an object of study since the beginnings of the anthropological discipline, the study of their entanglement with colonial ideologies and of their influence on South American society is just starting to take shape.
In order to highlight cultural and historical trajectories and create a new framework of analysis, Cow-Dom will compare different forms of human-cattle relationships by focusing on opposing relational configurations of the domestication process - feral cattle on the one hand and the so-called racially ""improved"" cattle on the other - in some of the South American countries with the most intensive cattle production (Argentina, Brazil, Colombia and Paraguay). What values and ideologies, frictions and dilemmas, and what new socio-ecological systems did cattles presence enable both at the center and at the margins of society?
In order to answer these questions, CowDom will rely on long-term ethnographic fieldwork in cattle fairs and in areas with feral and semi-feral cattle. The fieldwork will be carried out by interdisciplinary teams formed by zoologists and anthropologists.
The project will establish an innovative theoretical framework to analyse cattle-human relationships in a post-colonial context and incorporate experimental research tools such as video making and the collaboration with a contemporary art museum in South America."