The work in Hexa-X-II was structured in 6 different technical work packages, each working on distinct topics.
WP1 was responsible for defining the use cases and requirements and to evaluate the sustainability aspects of 6G. To achieve this, the WP developed over 30 use cases, grouped into 6 distinct use case families and evaluated one representative use case from each use case family. This work was used as baseline both for the internal work in all the other WPs, but also as baseline input to the consolidated European view on use cases towards the 3GPP SA1 workshop on use cases in May 2024. In addition, the WP developed an assessment methodology to evaluate the impact on environmental, economic, and social sustainability of the representative use cases.
WP2 was responsible for the end-to-end (E2E) platform and to develop aspects such as interfaces and protocols, intent-based management, security, privacy, and resilience, as well as validation of the E2E system. The WP developed an E2E system blueprint, indicating how the 6G platform would be designed. For the system validation, Hexa-X-II developed three iterations of a system-level proof-of-concept (System-PoC), demonstrated at EuCNC in 2023, 2024, and 2025. In addition, the WP was responsible for evaluating all technical enablers stemming from the rest of the project as well as from other SNS-JU project, to assess how well they would fit into the 6G system.
WP3 was responsible for developing architectural enablers for improving the existing communication services as well as supporting novel beyond communication services. In particular, the WP developed an AI/ML framework to support AIaaS, MLOps, and DataOps. In addition, the WP developed network architecture designs for JCAS and compute offloading as well as proposals for network cloudification of the core network.
WP4 was responsible for developing 6G radios, improving the performance of the air interface, e.g. using D-MIMO/M-MIMO, RIS, sub-THz, incorporating and evaluating JCAS, employing AI-optimizations, or exploring spectrum co-existence between 5G/6G or TN/NTN. In particular, WP4 has e.g. showcased an AI-native air interface capable of improving performance using pilotless operation with a partially learned air interface, and managed to demonstrate 10 cm accuracy of a 60 GHz JCAS system.
WP5 was responsible for defining the 6G device classes, as well as developing hardware for 6G, both for high-performance sub-THz transceivers, as well as ultra-low cost, energy neutral devices. Four new device classes were introduced, namely reliable high bitrate with bounded latency, highly reliability low latency, enhanced massive machine type communication, and energy neutral devices. In particular, the WP showcased an energy neutral device capable of transmitting data while absorbing energy from nearby LTE base stations.
WP6 was responsible for designing a smart network management and orchestration (M&O) framework encompassing overall M&O solutions and functionality such as multi-agent system for multi-cluster orchestration, decentralized orchestration, exposure of management capabilities, or trust management, as well as specific systems and algorithms, e.g. network programmability or multi-agent reinforcement learning. In particular, the WP developed an integration fabric which was integrated into the system-PoCs.
