Deciphering fibrosis reversal mechanisms in chronic blood cancer for identification of novel predictive and therapeutic strategies

Descripción del proyecto

¿Es posible revertir la fibrosis?

Cuando se produce una lesión o daño en un órgano, el proceso normal de curación implica la formación de tejido nuevo. Cuando este proceso se desregula, da lugar a la formación de un exceso de tejido conectivo fibroso que provoca fibrosis. El equipo del proyecto Rewind-MF, financiado por el Consejo Europeo de Investigación, se centra en la mielofibrosis primaria, una neoplasia hematológica asociada a la activación de células impulsoras de la fibrosis en la médula ósea. En el estudio se analiza la reversibilidad de la fibrosis, especialmente en los casos en los que el trasplante alógeno de células madre no es una opción viable. Al profundizar en los mecanismos de reversión de la fibrosis, los investigadores esperan identificar dianas terapéuticas y comprender cómo se mantiene la neoplasia hematológica en la médula ósea.

Objetivo

Fibrosis is estimated to be involved in 45% of global mortality, and currently no specific therapies for fibrosis in most organs exist. One central and controversially discussed question in the field of organ fibrosis is: is fibrosis truly reversible? In Rewind-MF, I will address this biologically and clinically highly relevant question in a prime example: bone marrow fibrosis in a chronic blood cancer called Primary Myelofibrosis (PMF). In PMF, hematopoietic stem cells become mutated and activate fibrosis-driving cells. Fibrosis reversal in PMF is possible through allogeneic stem cell transplant (ASCT). However, the majority of patients are not eligible for this high-risk procedure. Alternative fibrosis-reversing strategies are not available, leaving this patient group without any treatment option.

My specific aims in Rewind-MF are: (1) to gain spatio-temporal insights into fibrosis reversal and mutant clone elimination mechanisms to predict, which patients will benefit from ASCT, and to identify therapeutic targets; (2) to understand how blood cancer is maintained in the bone marrow and later the spleen stroma in order to find new ways to reverse fibrosis, and eradicate the cancer cells, and (3) to validate fibrosis reversal mechanisms and translate them into clinically relevant therapeutic strategies.

What makes Rewind-MF unique is the holistic bench-to-bedside approach starting from a stem cell biological hypothesis [tested by innovative murine models and (stem) cell approaches], advanced by a broad interdisciplinary expertise with novel single cell, spatial genomic and computational technologies, to dissect mechanisms of fibrosis reversal and develop therapeutic approaches which go beyond pure target identification. The integration of all these technologies in clinically relevant specimens with follow-up data and large independent validation cohorts will truly revolutionize the prognostication and (personalized) treatment of patients with MF.