Strategic Climate Litigation’s Direct and Indirect Consequences for Democracies

Descripción del proyecto

Comprender las consecuencias de los litigios estratégicos por el clima en la democracia

Los litigios estratégicos por el clima están aumentando, lo cual podría afectar a la democracia. Implican a varios agentes y tienen consecuencias indirectas más allá de sus efectos jurídicos directos. Constituyen un caso extremo de litigio estratégico debido a la amenaza existencial mundial y científicamente específica para la humanidad. Plantean un problema de acción colectiva global, agravado por unas respuestas políticas inadecuadas, que afectan de forma desproporcionada a quienes carecen de poder político. Sin embargo, es fundamental comprender las consecuencias de los litigios estratégicos por el clima en la democracia y aprovechar su potencial democrático. El proyecto LitDem, financiado con fondos europeos, ofrece un marco teórico para comprender las implicaciones de los litigios estratégicos por el clima en el proceso democrático. A través de estudios cualitativos multimétodo sobre los litigios estratégicos por el clima en seis jurisdicciones, se proporcionará una comprensión conceptual esencial de sus repercusiones democráticas.

Objetivo

Sharply increasing strategic climate litigation (SCL) is a legal and social fact. It has the potential to influence the democratic process at a time when democracy and its safeguards are already widely in decline.
As other strategic litigation, climate litigation involves many actors (NGOs; media; politicians) and has many nuanced and indirect consequences beyond its direct legal effects (creating authoritative legal narratives, framing perceptions, fostering cooperation, and ‘legalising’ the political debate). However, because of the particular nature of the climate emergency, as a global, scientifically certain existential threat to humanity, SCL is an extreme case of strategic litigation, both in quantity and in quality.
As a sharply growing phenomenon, it aims for socioeconomic changes in response to the climate emergency as (1) a truly global collective action problem; which is (2) increased by structurally inadequate political responses; and (3) affects those most, who do not (yet) have political power. It is also distinct in its reliance on (4) arguments based on non-binding international norms (e.g. in the Paris Agreement) and (5) complex science with uncertain legal effects (litigants: climate science; defendants: carbon capture technology).
LitDem breaks new ground by providing the missing theoretical framework that captures not only the direct legal but also the indirect non-legal consequences of SCL for the democratic process in times of societal tensions and democratic decline. It provides greatly needed guidance to involved actors.
Based on qualitative multi-method studies (incl. systematic content analysis, doctrinal analysis, interviews) of all SCL in 4 national and 2 European jurisdictions (DE, FR, NL, UK, EU, ECHR), it offers a grounded conceptual understanding of the democratic implications of rapidly growing SCL. It answers the questions: How does SCL affect the democratic process? How could its (neglected) democratic potential be realised?