Strategic Climate Litigation’s Direct and Indirect Consequences for Democracies

Descrizione del progetto

Comprendere l’impatto delle controversie strategiche relative al clima sulla democrazia

Le controversie strategiche relative al clima (SCL) sono in aumento e potrebbero avere un impatto sulla democrazia. Coinvolgono diversi attori e hanno conseguenze indirette che vanno oltre i loro effetti legali diretti. Le SCL rappresentano un caso estremo di controversia strategica a causa della minaccia esistenziale globale e scientificamente specifica per l’umanità. Pongono un problema di azione collettiva globale esacerbato da risposte politiche inadeguate, che colpiscono in modo sproporzionato chi non ha potere politico. Tuttavia, è fondamentale capire come le SCL influiscono sulla democrazia e realizzare il loro potenziale democratico. Il progetto LitDem, finanziato dall’UE, fornisce un quadro teorico per cogliere le implicazioni delle SCL per il processo democratico. I suoi studi qualitativi multi-metodo sulle SCL in sei giurisdizioni offrono una comprensione concettuale fondata delle loro implicazioni democratiche.

Obiettivo

Sharply increasing strategic climate litigation (SCL) is a legal and social fact. It has the potential to influence the democratic process at a time when democracy and its safeguards are already widely in decline.
As other strategic litigation, climate litigation involves many actors (NGOs; media; politicians) and has many nuanced and indirect consequences beyond its direct legal effects (creating authoritative legal narratives, framing perceptions, fostering cooperation, and ‘legalising’ the political debate). However, because of the particular nature of the climate emergency, as a global, scientifically certain existential threat to humanity, SCL is an extreme case of strategic litigation, both in quantity and in quality.
As a sharply growing phenomenon, it aims for socioeconomic changes in response to the climate emergency as (1) a truly global collective action problem; which is (2) increased by structurally inadequate political responses; and (3) affects those most, who do not (yet) have political power. It is also distinct in its reliance on (4) arguments based on non-binding international norms (e.g. in the Paris Agreement) and (5) complex science with uncertain legal effects (litigants: climate science; defendants: carbon capture technology).
LitDem breaks new ground by providing the missing theoretical framework that captures not only the direct legal but also the indirect non-legal consequences of SCL for the democratic process in times of societal tensions and democratic decline. It provides greatly needed guidance to involved actors.
Based on qualitative multi-method studies (incl. systematic content analysis, doctrinal analysis, interviews) of all SCL in 4 national and 2 European jurisdictions (DE, FR, NL, UK, EU, ECHR), it offers a grounded conceptual understanding of the democratic implications of rapidly growing SCL. It answers the questions: How does SCL affect the democratic process? How could its (neglected) democratic potential be realised?