Strategic Climate Litigation’s Direct and Indirect Consequences for Democracies

Description du projet

Comprendre l’impact du contentieux climatique stratégique sur la démocratie

Le contentieux climatique stratégique (CCS) prend de l’ampleur et pourrait affecter la démocratie. Il implique différents acteurs et a des conséquences indirectes au-delà de ses effets juridiques directs. Le CCS représente un cas extrême de contentieux stratégique en raison de la menace existentielle globale et scientifiquement spécifique qui pèse sur l’humanité. Il pose un problème d’action collective globale exacerbé par des réponses politiques inadéquates, affectant de manière disproportionnée ceux qui n’ont pas de pouvoir politique. Il est toutefois essentiel de comprendre comment le CCS affecte la démocratie et de réaliser son potentiel démocratique. Le projet LitDem, financé par l’UE, propose un cadre théorique qui permet d’appréhender les implications du CCS pour le processus démocratique. Ses études qualitatives du CCS, basées sur plusieurs méthodes, dans six juridictions apportent une compréhension conceptuelle fondée de ses implications démocratiques.

Objectif

Sharply increasing strategic climate litigation (SCL) is a legal and social fact. It has the potential to influence the democratic process at a time when democracy and its safeguards are already widely in decline.
As other strategic litigation, climate litigation involves many actors (NGOs; media; politicians) and has many nuanced and indirect consequences beyond its direct legal effects (creating authoritative legal narratives, framing perceptions, fostering cooperation, and ‘legalising’ the political debate). However, because of the particular nature of the climate emergency, as a global, scientifically certain existential threat to humanity, SCL is an extreme case of strategic litigation, both in quantity and in quality.
As a sharply growing phenomenon, it aims for socioeconomic changes in response to the climate emergency as (1) a truly global collective action problem; which is (2) increased by structurally inadequate political responses; and (3) affects those most, who do not (yet) have political power. It is also distinct in its reliance on (4) arguments based on non-binding international norms (e.g. in the Paris Agreement) and (5) complex science with uncertain legal effects (litigants: climate science; defendants: carbon capture technology).
LitDem breaks new ground by providing the missing theoretical framework that captures not only the direct legal but also the indirect non-legal consequences of SCL for the democratic process in times of societal tensions and democratic decline. It provides greatly needed guidance to involved actors.
Based on qualitative multi-method studies (incl. systematic content analysis, doctrinal analysis, interviews) of all SCL in 4 national and 2 European jurisdictions (DE, FR, NL, UK, EU, ECHR), it offers a grounded conceptual understanding of the democratic implications of rapidly growing SCL. It answers the questions: How does SCL affect the democratic process? How could its (neglected) democratic potential be realised?