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Uniting Statistical Testing and Machine Learning for Safe Predictions

Descrizione del progetto

Risolvere il problema dell’effetto scatola nera per l’apprendimento automatico

La recente crescita e il progresso delle tecnologie di apprendimento automatico (ML) hanno portato benefici significativi e interazioni con diversi settori, con un impatto sui sistemi autonomi, sul processo decisionale, sulla scoperta scientifica e sulla diagnosi medica. Tuttavia, man mano che i sistemi predittivi ML diventano più sofisticati, il loro ragionamento diventa spesso più difficile da interpretare, sollevando preoccupazioni sulla sicurezza. In questo contesto, il progetto SafetyBounds, finanziato dal CER, affronterà questa sfida della sicurezza, comunemente definita «effetto scatola nera». In particolare, si stabiliranno limiti di errore interpretabili e accurati sulle previsioni ML, da cui si possono ricavare preziose intuizioni. In definitiva, il progetto getterà le basi per le future pratiche di progettazione di ML e sistemi di apprendimento.

Obiettivo

Recent breakthroughs in machine learning (ML) have brought about a transformative impact on decision-making, autonomous systems, medical diagnosis, and creation of new scientific knowledge. However, this progress has a major drawback: modern predictive systems are extremely complex and hard to interpret, a problem known as the black-box effect. The opaque nature of modern ML models, trained on increasingly diverse, incomplete, and noisy data, and later deployed in varying environments, hinders our ability to comprehend what drives inaccurate predictions, biased outcomes, and test time failures. Perhaps the most pressing question of our times is this: can we trust the predictions for future unseen instances obtained by black-box systems? The lack of practical guarantees on the limits of predictive performance poses a significant obstacle to deploying ML in applications that affect people's lives, opportunities, and science.

My overarching goal is to put precise, interpretable, and robust error bounds on ML predictions, communicating rigorously what can be honestly inferred from data. I call for the development of protective ecosystems that can be seamlessly plugged into any ML model to monitor and guarantee its safety.

This proposal introduces a unique interplay between statistics--the grammar of science--and ML--the art of learning from experience. Leveraging my expertise in both domains, I will show how statistical methodologies such as conformal prediction and test-martingales can empower ML, and how recent breakthroughs in ML such as semi-supervised learning and domain adaptation technologies can empower statistics. I will tackle challenges rooted in real-world problems concerning (1) availability and (2) quality of training data, as well as (3) test-time drifting data.

A successful outcome would not only lead to a timely and rigorous way toward safe ML, but may also significantly reform the way we develop, deploy, and interact with learning systems.

Campo scientifico (EuroSciVoc)

Parole chiave

Programma(i)

Argomento(i)

Meccanismo di finanziamento

HORIZON-ERC - HORIZON ERC Grants

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Invito a presentare proposte

(si apre in una nuova finestra) ERC-2024-STG

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Istituzione ospitante

TECHNION - ISRAEL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
Contributo netto dell'UE
€ 1 500 000,00
Costo totale
€ 1 500 000,00

Beneficiari (1)