RNA Fusion-Inducing Antisense Oligonucleotides as a Treatment for Wiedemann-Steiner Syndrome

Description du projet

Une thérapie à base d’oligonucléotides pour un trouble rare du développement neurologique

Les oligonucléotides antisens (ASO pour «antisense oligonucleotides») sont des molécules d’acide nucléique monocaténaire synthétiques conçues pour cibler des séquences d’ARN spécifiques. Lorsque les ASO se lient à leurs cibles prévues, ils peuvent induire la dégradation de l’ARN, inhiber la synthèse des protéines ou moduler l’épissage de l’ARN. Les ASO sont étudiés comme des agents thérapeutiques potentiels pour différentes maladies, en particulier celles ayant une base génétique. Le projet FusionASO, financé par le CER, entend mettre au point une intervention basée sur les ASO pour le syndrome de Wiedemann-Steiner (WSS pour «Wiedemann-Steiner syndrome»), un trouble du développement neurologique pour lequel il n’existe aucun traitement. L’équipe de recherche ciblera un ARN qui, une fois ciblé, peut modifier les niveaux de KMT2A impliqués dans le WSS. L’approche repose sur de récentes découvertes montrant qu’une telle approche de ciblage peut stimuler l’expression de gènes utiles dans le cerveau, atténuant ainsi les manifestations cliniques du WSS.

Objectif

There is an immense interest in RNA therapeutics for a wide variety of health conditions. Neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs), which mostly have no available treatments or cures, affect millions of children and adults across Europe, and are estimated to account for as much as 1-3% of the total EU healthcare expenditure. Wiedemann-Steiner Syndrome (WSS) is an NDD that currently has no available treatment and is not amenable to traditional gene therapy approaches.

Antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) are a clinically proven way to modulate gene expression, in particularly in the central nervous system. ASOs are almost exclusively used for reduction of gene expression or altering RNA splicing, but these are relevant only in a subset of conditions. Many neurological diseases are caused by haploinsufficiency, in which the patient has one wild-type copy of the gene, but it is not sufficient for normal cellular function. ASO-based approaches for up-regulating haploinsufficient gene expression are sought in many cases, but existing methods, such as those focused on blocking microRNA target sites are often of limited efficacy.

In our ERC project, we made an intriguing observation that blocking specific regulatory motifs in the last exon of the CHASERR long noncoding RNAs leads to up-regulation of the downstream CHD2 gene through the formation of a fusion transcript between the two genes. We found that this approach can be translated for the up-regulation of CHD2 in vivo and alleviate disease-relevant phenotypes. In this PoC, we aim to extend this novel concept to WSS and explore and demonstrate the technical viability and commercial potential of targeting the ATP5MG pre-mRNA with specific ASOs to induce fusion formation with KMT2A (MLL1), thereby developing a potential new treatment for WSS. This project will not only advance the scientific understanding and therapeutic potential of this technology but also assess its market readiness and commercial feasibility.