Description du projet
Étudier les politiques et les institutions des marchés du travail en ligne
Les marchés traditionnels de l’emploi sont aujourd’hui au point mort. La croissance rapide des marchés du travail en ligne a attiré l’attention d’organisations mondiales telles que la Banque mondiale et le Centre commun de recherche de la Commission européenne. Ces plateformes virtuelles, qui mettent en relation les employeurs et les travailleurs qualifiés au-delà des frontières, ont connu un taux de croissance annuel stupéfiant allant jusqu’à 60 %, ce qui justifie une étude plus approfondie. Le projet iLABOUR, financé par le CER, entend mettre en lumière les politiques et les institutions qui régissent ces marchés du travail de nouvelle génération. Plus précisément, l’équipe explorera l’émergence de mouvements syndicaux transnationaux en ligne. Elle étudiera des sites de recherche virtuels et physiques, mènera des enquêtes, des entretiens et des observations avec des concepteurs et des travailleurs, et recueillera des données en ligne.
Objectif
"World Bank, EC Joint Research Centre, and other bodies have recently highlighted the potential of online labour markets to boost employment and economic growth. While national job markets have stagnated, online labour markets that connect firms with knowledge and service workers around the world have grown up to 60% a year.
An overlooked aspect of these markets is that they extricate workers and employers from national institutional frameworks, such as employment law and collective bargaining, and instead impose their own, technologically enforced institutions. For example, a leading marketplace recently instated a global minimum wage of 4.00 USD/h. With over 540,000 employers and 4,000,000 registered workers in 180 countries, this Californian company is making critical labour policy decisions that influence businesses and individuals from Berlin to Manila.
The objective of this project is to lay bare the politics and institutions of these next-generation labour markets promoted with discourses of technological progress. Whose interests find expression in their institutions? Some online workers have begun to organize transnationally with the help of digital media. How do online labour movements emerge and assert power on these markets? And finally, to what extent are these relations still reducible to struggles between capital and labour, rather than more ambiguous networked models of production?
We will tackle these questions through a combination of conventional social research methods and innovative Internet research methods, on both virtual research sites (online labour markets and workers' online communities) and physical research sites (market operators' premises and worker gatherings). We survey, interview, and observe designers and workers to reconstruct processes through which online markets, institutions, and movements are shaped, and ""scrape"" online data to quantify their influence. The results will open up important new vistas in labour policy debate."
Champ scientifique
Programme(s)
Thème(s)
Régime de financement
ERC-STG - Starting GrantInstitution d’accueil
OX1 2JD Oxford
Royaume-Uni