Descrizione del progetto
La prossima generazione di enzimi artificiali
Gli enzimi naturali, potenti catalizzatori ad alta efficienza e selettività, trovano molte applicazioni nei processi industriali. Per adattare le proprietà degli enzimi in base alle esigenze, i ricercatori impiegano un metodo noto come evoluzione guidata, che imita l’evoluzione naturale generando diverse varianti di enzimi, di cui vengono selezionati quelli con i tratti desiderati. Il progetto ProFF, finanziato dal Consiglio europeo della ricerca, intende superare le sfide dell’evoluzione guidata introducendo computer biochimici che integrano le informazioni genetiche rilevanti. Questi computer dovrebbero rendere l’evoluzione guidata più versatile, più veloce e in grado di risolvere problemi complessi. In definitiva, questa ricerca mira a sviluppare gli strumenti molecolari necessari per la selezione programmabile della prossima generazione di strumenti catalitici che funzionano in ambienti non naturali.
Obiettivo
Natural enzymes are awesome catalysts, in terms of their catalytic efficiency, selectivity, control mechanisms, etc. Revamped as laboratory or industrial tools, they have allowed more than a few breakthroughs, such as PCR, next generation sequencing or green chemistry. The next revolution will be brought by a new generation of extensively modified “enzymatic” catalysts working in non-natural environments, possibly build from non-natural chemistries and targeting an unlimited range of non-natural functions. However, their design is still an arduous process; computational design lacks precision while the combinatorial approach, directed evolution, is limited by labor-intensive or ad hoc selection stages.
We will remove the selection bottleneck in directed evolution by introducing biochemical computers able to perform this step autonomously. Based on recent developments in DNA-based molecular programming, these molecular scouts will be co-compartmentalized with genetic libraries into billions of individual compartments in micrometric emulsions. At each generation and in each droplet, after expression of the genotype, these molecular programs will autonomously: i- evaluate the phenotypic signature of a candidate, ii- integrate this information into a predefined scoring function and iii- propagate the relevant genetic information according to this score.
The programmability of this approach will make directed evolution versatile, faster, and able to address more challenging problems. The evolution dynamics itself become tunable, offering new perspectives on the fitness landscape of biopolymer catalysts. A quantitative in silico model will be built and integrated in a computer-assisted tool for the fast set-up of in vitro experiments and tuning of the various experimental knobs. Overall, we will close a virtuous circle by evolving the molecular tools enabling the programmable selection of the next generation of catalytic tools.
Campo scientifico
- social sciencespolitical sciencespolitical transitionsrevolutions
- engineering and technologyelectrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineeringelectronic engineeringsensors
- natural scienceschemical sciencescatalysisbiocatalysis
- natural sciencesbiological sciencesmolecular biologymolecular evolution
- natural sciencesbiological sciencesbiochemistrybiomoleculesproteinsenzymes
Programma(i)
Argomento(i)
Meccanismo di finanziamento
ERC-COG - Consolidator GrantIstituzione ospitante
75794 Paris
Francia