Periodic Reporting for period 3 - MOR-PHON (Resolving Morpho-Phonological Alternation: Historical, Neurolinguistic, and Computational Approaches)
Periodo di rendicontazione: 2019-10-01 al 2021-03-31
The project MORPHON is examining the way in which words are put together and how related words can differ. Morpho-phonologically related words such as 'revére' ~ 'réverence' differ with respect to where the main prominence falls on the word and how the vowels differ. The verb 'revere' has a stressed [iː] as in the word 'bee' while the noun reverence has the vowel shape [ɛ] which is the same vowel in 'bay'.
The opaque phonological relationship between morphologically related forms has been a longstanding challenge in theoretical, historical, psycho- and neuro-linguistics, and computational
linguistics alike. Morpho-phonological alternations of all kinds have been analysed across the languages of the world; but fundamental questions have remained controversial or indeed unasked:
▪ Why do they exist in the first place and why are they so widespread?
▪ How do they come about and what is their diachronic time-course?
▪ How are they represented in mental lexicons and how are they processed?
What distinguishes our approach is that we combine expertise in (a) theoretical and typological
linguistics, (b) brain-imaging methods, and (c) computational modeling to shed light on our
questions concerning the existence and cross-linguistic incidence of morpho-phonological
alternations, their diachronic profiles, their processing and mental representation.
The opaque phonological relationship between morphologically related forms has been a longstanding challenge in theoretical, historical, psycho- and neuro-linguistics, and computational
linguistics alike. Morpho-phonological alternations of all kinds have been analysed across the languages of the world; but fundamental questions have remained controversial or indeed unasked:
▪ Why do they exist in the first place and why are they so widespread?
▪ How do they come about and what is their diachronic time-course?
▪ How are they represented in mental lexicons and how are they processed?
What distinguishes our approach is that we combine expertise in (a) theoretical and typological
linguistics, (b) brain-imaging methods, and (c) computational modeling to shed light on our
questions concerning the existence and cross-linguistic incidence of morpho-phonological
alternations, their diachronic profiles, their processing and mental representation.
So far the project has focused on the internal structure of words including affixation and compounding under three broad areas:
A) Structure of affixation, morphological complexity and processing (Bengali, English, German).
B) Morphophonological alternations (including metrical patterns) and role of affixation in loans in Germanic (English, Dutch, Swedish, Norwegian).
C) Compounding: conflicts between phonological and lexical word formation.
With respect to (A), we have experimentally examined morphological complexity in Bengali, English and German. The psycholinguistic and neurolinguistic tasks have included EEG, fMRI and eye-tracking. The results suggest that morpheme complexity and constraints on morpheme sequences play a definite role in processing. For (B), we have considered the notion of pertinacity formulated earlier by the PI in terms of the way analogical extensions and prosodic word constraints interact. We have been focusing on the medieval stages of English, Dutch and German. For (C), our results support the idea that compounding in English and Bengali carry similar lexical and morphological properties, but prosodically, the outputs can be very different.
A) Structure of affixation, morphological complexity and processing (Bengali, English, German).
B) Morphophonological alternations (including metrical patterns) and role of affixation in loans in Germanic (English, Dutch, Swedish, Norwegian).
C) Compounding: conflicts between phonological and lexical word formation.
With respect to (A), we have experimentally examined morphological complexity in Bengali, English and German. The psycholinguistic and neurolinguistic tasks have included EEG, fMRI and eye-tracking. The results suggest that morpheme complexity and constraints on morpheme sequences play a definite role in processing. For (B), we have considered the notion of pertinacity formulated earlier by the PI in terms of the way analogical extensions and prosodic word constraints interact. We have been focusing on the medieval stages of English, Dutch and German. For (C), our results support the idea that compounding in English and Bengali carry similar lexical and morphological properties, but prosodically, the outputs can be very different.
In all, the PI as well as the members of the team have given 21 talks (invited as well as at conferences where we submitted abstracts). The presentations were made at various linguistic conferences across the world including Toronto (Canada), Canberra (Australia), Amsterdam (The Netherlands), Berkeley (USA), New Delhi (India), Zurich (Switzerland) as well as at several universities across the UK. Across experimental designs and in historical linguistics, we find that complexity in linguistic morphological structure plays a very important role in processing and change. Work is proceeding according to the original plan and we are continuing to explore novel experimental methods to address different types of morphological complexities.