Closed Loop Wind Farm Control

Leistungen

A common pre- and post-processor for wind farm simulations

The deliverable includes the implementation of the common pre- and post-processor and a user manual, which describes how the tools can be used by all participants and the interface definition. Software and user manual will be uploaded to the public web site.

Description of the reference and the control-oriented wind farm models

The deliverable includes the implementation of the reference wind farms in SOWFA and a user manual, which describes how the simulations can be repeated by all participants. Software and user manual will be uploaded to the public web site. In addition, the deliverable includes the implementation of the different control-oriented wind farm models and a user manual, which describes how the models can be used by all participants. Software and user manual will be uploaded to the public web site.

Minimal loading power curtailment control techniques

A power curtailment strategy that minimizes the wind farm loading.

Optimized farm layout

SimWindFarm (Engineering wind farm simulator) is used to produce an average model of wakes and turbulence. A two dimensional distribution of wind velocity and direction is used to calculate tower loads, drive train loads, and power production resulting in an assessment of layout options.

Cost-Benefit Analysis

A report on the economics of the new control technology on the scale of a Life Cycle (Cost) Assessment giving guidance on the dominating effects and potential for optimization when implementing the technology in existing and future wind farms.

Documentation of test campaigns

Wind tunnel tests of the combined controllers for individual wind turbines and wind farms are accomplished, and all relevant experimental results are available. Wake deflection as a function of operational parameters (misalignment and environmental conditions) is characterized and the relevant test data is available.

Report Communication Plan and clustering with other projects (first version)

Communication Plan and educational program, M14, revision M18. It will include visual identity and communication material. Relation of activities to reinforce project messages through networking.

Hardware and infrastructure conditions for energy capture and fatigue improvements

The report will describe how the proposed wind farm control affects the operations of existing wind farms in terms of energy capture, hardware, and communication infrastructure and power system compliance. The report will identify which of the developed techniques are applicable to existing wind farms.

Final validation report

This will include a comparison of simulations against scaled tests in wind tunnel and the calibration of model parameters such as to obtain best match between simulations and wind tunnel experiments. In addition, a comparison of simulations against full scale field testing, with the calibration of model parameters such as to obtain best match between simulations and field tests. Finally, analysed data coming from open loop filed tests and if available, documentation of results from closed-loop wake deflection algorithms in field tests.

Feasibility by re-design

A report detailing the new redesigned wind turbine and the new wind farm, both designed taking into account the wind farm control algorithms. The guidelines for wind turbine and wind farm redesign will also be included. This report will also analyze the KPIs for wind turbine, in terms of loads, and also for the wind farm.

Operation and maintenance cost modelling

A report on the developed O&M cost model including the results of implemented probabilistic cost scenarios. The scenarios include a baseline formulation in offshore and onshore conditions, documentation of updated reliability values due to introduced new control technology and presentation of improvement potential in O&M strategies. The parameterized model is used to determine the O&M costs needed for Task 4.5.1.

Control methodology for induction based control and for wake redirection control

An induction based feedforward-feedback controller design methodology that finds the optimal control settings. A yaw based feedforward + feedback controller design methodology that finds the optimal yaw control settings.

Report Communication Plan and clustering with other projects (revision)

Communication Plan and educational program, M6, revision M18. It will include visual identity and communication material. Relation of activities to reinforce project messages through networking.

Demonstration of combined turbine / farm level controls by simulations

Controllers that operate at the combined wind-turbine/wind-farm level are demonstrated in a simulation environment.

Minimal loading wind turbine de-rating strategy and active yaw controllers

An optimal derating strategy will be described and a WT controller for the reference machines defined in WP 1 will be provided, so it can be used by Partners for induction based control. In addition, an active yaw controller for the reference machines defined in WP1 will be developed, and provided to Partners for wake redirection control. This controller will be integrated with the controller of subtask 2.1.1, so that it can be used in task 2.4.

Classification of control-oriented models for wind farm control applications

The developed control-oriented models of task 1.2 will be classified with respect to their capabilities. The descriptions include conditions under which the developed models can be used for the various applications in WP 2.

Definition of reference wind farms and simulation scenarios

The defined reference wind farm layouts with wind turbines and corresponding baseline reference controllers will be described and specified simulations scenarios for wind farm control will be introduced to enable a classification of the developed models and a comparison for the different technologies developed in WP 2.

Assessment of controller key performance indicators & Guidelines on controller application for the management of existing wind farms

A complete report containing the comparison of the KPIs analyzed in task 4.1.1 and 4.1.2. The assessment of component loading on the individual wind turbine level is used to derive wind farm level implications in task 4.2 and formulation of reliability levels in task 4.4. A complete report containing the comparison of the KPIs analyzed in task 4.1.1 and 4.1.2. The assessment of component loading on the individual wind turbine level is used to derive wind farm level implications in task 4.2 and formulation of reliability levels in task 4.4.

Report feasibility analysis, business models, and business plan industrial partners and large Engineering firms and Value Proposition

Identification of best business models for each partner in the proposal and Business Plan for EGP, GE, RAMBOLL and GARRAD HASSAN.

Final Project Conference

Organization of a final conference in Spain to present the project results and potential impacts M36.

Review on Standards and Guidelines

A report detailing the missing link between new technology and existing standards in the area of safety and protection systems, grid code compliance and design load cases. Recommendations are derived to be used as input to new Standards.

Definition of field-testing conditions

The operating conditions for field testing are defined in terms of all relevant parameters. This also leads to the definition of the configuration of all supporting equipment.

Demonstration of wind turbine controllers and supporting technologies by simulations

Controllers for individual wind turbines are demonstrated in a simulation environment. Also supporting technologies that operate at the level of single wind turbines, as for example wind observers, are similarly demonstrated.

Methodology for active load control

An event-triggered IPC algorithm will be developed, and integrated with the WT controller for the reference machines defined in WP1, so it can be used in task 2.4. An overview of alternative wake control methodologies using advanced flow actuators.

Training sessions

Two training sessions, one day duration, tentatively organized in Spain and Netherlands.

Process Handbook and documents templates

Process Handbook including rules for reports writing, project image, revision rules, etc.

Testing in the wind tunnel of wind turbines controllers

Wind tunnel tests of the controllers for individual wind turbines are accomplished, and all relevant experimental results are available.

Integrated wind farm controllers

In this deliverable wind farm control technologies from deliverables 2.1, 2.2 and 2.3 will be combined and further assessed. As the usual assumptions for the validity of the aeroelastic tools is exceeded in the advanced control concepts more advanced tools will be used to evaluate certain critical conditions like e.g. stability issues for various technologies.

Definition of wind tunnel testing conditions

The operating conditions for wind tunnel testing are defined in terms of all relevant parameters. This also leads to the definition of the testing matrix, and to an exact schedule of all wind tunnel experiments.

On line collaboration platform

Project management through a dedicated Platform based on Emdesk or similar in parallel to the Web site.

Veröffentlichungen

Combining induction control and wake steering for wind farm energy and fatigue loads optimisation

Autoren: E. Bossanyi
Veröffentlicht in: Proc. Torque from Wind conference, 2018
Herausgeber: Politecnico di Milano

A tutorial on control-oriented modeling and control of wind farms

Autoren: S. Boersma, B.M. Doekemeijer, P.M.O. Gebraad, P.A. Fleming, J. Annoni, A.K. Scholbrock, J.A. Frederik, J-W. van Wingerden
Veröffentlicht in: 2017 American Control Conference (ACC), 2017, Seite(n) 1-18, ISBN 978-1-5090-5992-8
Herausgeber: IEEE
DOI: 10.23919/acc.2017.7962923

Dynamic wind power plant simulator for wind farm controller testing

Autoren: E. Bossanyi
Veröffentlicht in: Proc. Wind Energy Science conference, 2017
Herausgeber: Technical University of Denmark

ℋ<inf>∞</inf> controller design for closed-loop wake redirection

Autoren: Steffen Raach, Jan-Willem van Wingerden, Sjoerd Boersma, David Schlipf, Po Wen Cheng
Veröffentlicht in: 2017 American Control Conference (ACC), 2017, Seite(n) 703-708, ISBN 978-1-5090-5992-8
Herausgeber: IEEE
DOI: 10.23919/ACC.2017.7963035

Comparison of Down-Regulation Strategies for Wind Farm Control and Their Effects on Fatigue Loads

Autoren: Daan van der Hoek ; Stoyan Kanev ; Wouter Engels
Veröffentlicht in: 2018
Herausgeber: Daan van der Hoek ; Stoyan Kanev ; Wouter Engels

Ensemble Kalman filtering for wind field estimation in wind farms

Autoren: B. M. Doekemeijer ; S. Boersma ; L. Y. Pao ; J. W. van Wingerden
Veröffentlicht in: 2018
Herausgeber: B. M. Doekemeijer ; S. Boersma ; L. Y. Pao ; J. W. van Wingerden

A tutorial on the synthesis and validation of a closed-loop wind farm controller using a steady-state surrogate model

Autoren: Doekemeijer, Bart M; Fleming, Paul A; van Wingerden, Jan-Willem
Veröffentlicht in: Ausgabe 1, 2018
Herausgeber: IEEE Conference Proceedings
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.2556497

Online model updating by a wake detector for wind farm control

Autoren: Schreiber, Johannes; Bottasso, Carlo Luigi
Veröffentlicht in: Ausgabe 4, 2018
Herausgeber: Proceedings of the American Control Conference 2018
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.2593200

Ensemble Kalman filtering for wind field estimation in wind farms

Autoren: B. M. Doekemeijer, S. Boersma, L. Y. Pao, J. W. van Wingerden
Veröffentlicht in: 2017 American Control Conference (ACC), 2017, Seite(n) 19-24, ISBN 978-1-5090-5992-8
Herausgeber: IEEE
DOI: 10.23919/ACC.2017.7962924

Joint state-parameter estimation for a control-oriented LES wind farm model

Autoren: Doekemeijer, Bart M; Boersma, Sjoerd; Pao, Lucy Y; van Wingerden, Jan-Willem
Veröffentlicht in: Ausgabe 2, 2018
Herausgeber: IOP Conf. Series: Journal of Physics: Conf. Series 1037 (2018) 032013
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.2556512

Robust active wake control in consideration of wind direction variability and uncertainty

Autoren: Rott, Andreas; Doekemeijer, Bart; Seifert, Janna Kristina; Wingerden, Jan-Willem; Kühn, Martin
Veröffentlicht in: eISSN: 2366-7451, Ausgabe 3, 2018
Herausgeber: Wind Energ. Sci., 3, 869–882, 2018
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.2556507

Closed-loop control of wind farms: Real-time wind field estimation & model calibration using SCADA data

Autoren: B.M. Doekemeijer, S. Boersma, J.W. van Wingerden, L .Y.Pao
Veröffentlicht in: 2018
Herausgeber: Journal of Physics: Conference Series (JPCS).

Combining induction control and wake steering for wind farm energy and fatigue loads optimisation

Autoren: Ervin Bossanyi
Veröffentlicht in: 2018
Herausgeber: Journal of Physics: Conference Series (JPCS)

On wind turbine control for participation in grid frequency regulation

Autoren: Iker Elorza, Carlos Calleja and Aron Pujana-Arrese
Veröffentlicht in: 2018
Herausgeber: Journal of Physics: Conference Series (JPCS)

Dynamic wind power plant simulator for wind farm controller testing

Autoren: E Bossanyi
Veröffentlicht in: 2017
Herausgeber: Proc. Wind Energy Science conference

Engineering models for turbine wake velocity deficit and wake deflection. A new proposed approach for onshore and offshore applications

Autoren: Renzo Ruisi & Ervin Bossanyi
Veröffentlicht in: 2019
Herausgeber: Bilbao (IOP Journal of Physics Conference Series)

Optimising yaw control at wind farm level

Autoren: E Bossanyi
Veröffentlicht in: 2019
Herausgeber: Proc. WindEurope Conference

Wind farm controller design and simulation testing

Autoren: Bossanyi, Ervin; Ruisi, Renzo; Potenza, Giancarlo; Calabretta, Fabio
Veröffentlicht in: Ausgabe 2, 2018
Herausgeber: London
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3475157

Comparison of Down-Regulation Strategies for Wind Farm Control and their Effects on Fatigue Loads

Autoren: Daan van der Hoek, Stoyan Kanev, Wouter Engels
Veröffentlicht in: 2018 Annual American Control Conference (ACC), 2018, Seite(n) 3116-3121, ISBN 978-1-5386-5428-6
Herausgeber: IEEE
DOI: 10.23919/acc.2018.8431162

Description of the reference and the control‐oriented wind farm models

Autoren: Doekemeijer, Bart; Bossanyi, Ervin; Kanev,Stoyan; Bot, E.T.G.; Elorza, Iker; Campagnolo, Filippo; Fortes‐Plaza, A; Schreiber, J; Eguinoa‐Erdozain, Irene; Gomez‐Iradi, Sugoi; Astrain‐Juangarcia, David; Cantero‐Nouqueret, Elena; Irigoyen‐Martinez, Uxue; Fernandes‐ Correia, Pedro; Benito-Cia, Pablo; Kern, Stefan; Kim, Y; Raach, Steffen; Knudsen, Torben; Schito, Paolo
Veröffentlicht in: Ausgabe 2, 2018
Herausgeber: Consortium
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3462440

Definition of reference wind farms and simulation scenarios

Autoren: Irigoyen, Uxue
Veröffentlicht in: Ausgabe 1, 2017
Herausgeber: Consortium
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3462384

Classification of control-oriented models for wind farm control applications

Autoren: Raach,Steffen; Campagnolo, Filippo; Ramamurthy, Bharath Kodiyala; Kern,Stefan; Boersma, Sjoerd; Doekemeijer,Bart; van Wingerden, Jan-Willem; Knudsen, Torben; Kanev, Stoyan; Aparicio-Sanchez, Maria; Fernandes-Correia, Pedro; Chavez-Arroyo, Roberto; Gomez-Iradi, Sugoi; Astrain, David; Cantero, Elena; Schito, Paolo
Veröffentlicht in: Ausgabe 2, 2018
Herausgeber: Consortium
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3463222

A control-oriented dynamic wind farm model: WFSim

Autoren: Sjoerd Boersma, Bart Doekemeijer, Mehdi Vali, Johan Meyers, Jan-Willem van Wingerden
Veröffentlicht in: Wind Energy Science, Ausgabe 3/1, 2018, Seite(n) 75-95, ISSN 2366-7451
Herausgeber: Wind Energy Science
DOI: 10.5194/wes-3-75-2018

Online model calibration for a simplified LES model in pursuit of real-time closed-loop wind farm control

Autoren: Bart Doekemeijer, Sjoerd Boersma, Lucy Pao, Torben Knudsen, Jan-Willem van Wingerden
Veröffentlicht in: Wind Energy Science Discussions, 2018, Seite(n) 1-30, ISSN 2366-7621
Herausgeber: Wind Energy Science
DOI: 10.5194/wes-2018-33

Active Power Control of Waked Wind Farms * *J.W. van Wingerden would like to acknowledge the CL-Windcon project. This project has received funding from the European Union Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 727477. L. Pao gratefully acknowledges funding provided by the Hanse-Wissenschaftskolleg Institute for Advanced Study, Delmenhorst, Germany. J. Aho has been

Autoren: Jan-Willem van Wingerden, Lucy Pao, Jacob Aho, Paul Fleming
Veröffentlicht in: IFAC-PapersOnLine, Ausgabe 50/1, 2017, Seite(n) 4484-4491, ISSN 2405-8963
Herausgeber: Elsevier
DOI: 10.1016/j.ifacol.2017.08.378

Lidar-based wake tracking for closed-loop wind farm control

Autoren: Steffen Raach, David Schlipf, Po Wen Cheng
Veröffentlicht in: Wind Energy Science, Ausgabe 2/1, 2017, Seite(n) 257-267, ISSN 2366-7451
Herausgeber: Wind Energy Science
DOI: 10.5194/wes-2-257-2017

Combining induction control and wake steering for wind farm energy and fatigue loads optimisation

Autoren: Ervin Bossanyi
Veröffentlicht in: Journal of Physics: Conference Series, Ausgabe 1037, 2018, Seite(n) 032011, ISSN 1742-6588
Herausgeber: Institute of Physics
DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/1037/3/032011

A constrained wind farm controller providing secondary frequency regulation: An LES study

Autoren: S. Boersma, B.M. Doekemeijer, S. Siniscalchi-Minna, J.W. van Wingerden
Veröffentlicht in: Renewable Energy, Ausgabe 134, 2019, Seite(n) 639-652, ISSN 0960-1481
Herausgeber: Pergamon Press Ltd.
DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2018.11.031

Derating a single wind farm turbine for reducing its wake and fatigue

Autoren: D Astrain Juangarcia, I Eguinoa, T Knudsen
Veröffentlicht in: Journal of Physics: Conference Series, Ausgabe 1037, 2018, Seite(n) 032039, ISSN 1742-6588
Herausgeber: Institute of Physics
DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/1037/3/032039

Study of wind farm control potential based on SCADA data

Autoren: J Schreiber, B Salbert, C L Bottasso
Veröffentlicht in: Journal of Physics: Conference Series, Ausgabe 1037, 2018, Seite(n) 032012, ISSN 1742-6588
Herausgeber: Institute of Physics
DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/1037/3/032012

A POD reduced-order model for wake steering control

Autoren: A Fortes-Plaza, F Campagnolo, J Wang, C Wang, CL Bottasso
Veröffentlicht in: Journal of Physics: Conference Series, Ausgabe 1037, 2018, Seite(n) 032014, ISSN 1742-6588
Herausgeber: Institute of Physics
DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/1037/3/032014

Enhanced Kalman Filtering for a 2D CFD NS Wind Farm Flow Model

Autoren: B M Doekemeijer, J W van Wingerden, S Boersma, L Y Pao
Veröffentlicht in: Journal of Physics: Conference Series, Ausgabe 753, 2016, Seite(n) 052015, ISSN 1742-6588
Herausgeber: Institute of Physics
DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/753/5/052015

Validation of large-eddy simulation of scaled waked wind turbines in different yaw misalignment conditions

Autoren: C Wang, J Wang, F Campagnolo, D B Carraón, C L Bottasso
Veröffentlicht in: Journal of Physics: Conference Series, Ausgabe 1037, 2018, Seite(n) 062007, ISSN 1742-6588
Herausgeber: Institute of Physics
DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/1037/6/062007

Brief communication: Wind inflow observation from load harmonics – wind tunnel validation of the rotationally symmetric formulation

Autoren: Marta Bertelè, Carlo L. Bottasso, Stefano Cacciola
Veröffentlicht in: Wind Energy Science, Ausgabe 4/1, 2019, Seite(n) 89-97, ISSN 2366-7451
Herausgeber: Wind Energy Science Journal
DOI: 10.5194/wes-4-89-2019

Wake behavior and control: comparison of LES simulations and wind tunnel measurements

Autoren: Jiangang Wang, Chengyu Wang, Filippo Campagnolo, Carlo L. Bottasso
Veröffentlicht in: Wind Energy Science, Ausgabe 4/1, 2019, Seite(n) 71-88, ISSN 2366-7451
Herausgeber: Wind Energy Science Journal
DOI: 10.5194/wes-4-71-2019

Online model calibration for a simplified LES model in pursuit of real-time closed-loop wind farm control

Autoren: Bart M. Doekemeijer, Sjoerd Boersma, Lucy Y. Pao, Torben Knudsen, Jan-Willem van Wingerden
Veröffentlicht in: Wind Energy Science, Ausgabe 3/2, 2018, Seite(n) 749-765, ISSN 2366-7451
Herausgeber: Wind Energ. Sci., 3, 749–765, 2018
DOI: 10.5194/wes-3-749-2018

Lidar-based closed-loop wake redirection in high-fidelity simulation

Autoren: Steffen Raach, Sjoerd Boersma, Bart Doekemeijer, Jan-Willem van Wingerden, Po Wen Cheng
Veröffentlicht in: Journal of Physics: Conference Series, Ausgabe 1037, 2018, Seite(n) 032016, ISSN 1742-6588
Herausgeber: Institute of Physics
DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/1037/3/032016

Lidar-based wake tracking for closed-loop wind farm control

Autoren: Steffen Raach, David Schlipf, Po Wen Cheng
Veröffentlicht in: Journal of Physics: Conference Series, Ausgabe 753, 2016, Seite(n) 052009, ISSN 1742-6588
Herausgeber: Institute of Physics
DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/753/5/052009

Delft Research Controller: an open-source and community-driven wind turbine baseline controller

Autoren: SP Mulders, JW van Wingerden
Veröffentlicht in: Journal of Physics: Conference Series, Ausgabe 1037, 2018, Seite(n) 032009, ISSN 1742-6588
Herausgeber: Institute of Physics
DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/1037/3/032009

Engineering models for turbine wake velocity deficit and wake deflection. A new proposed approach for onshore and offshore applications

Autoren: Renzo Ruisi, Ervin Bossanyi
Veröffentlicht in: Journal of Physics: Conference Series, Ausgabe 1222, 2019, Seite(n) 012004, ISSN 1742-6588
Herausgeber: Institute of Physics
DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/1222/1/012004

On wind turbine control for participation in grid frequency regulation

Autoren: Iker Elorza, Carlos Calleja, Aron Pujana-Arrese
Veröffentlicht in: Journal of Physics: Conference Series, Ausgabe 1222, 2019, Seite(n) 012024, ISSN 1742-6588
Herausgeber: Institute of Physics
DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/1222/1/012024

Optimising yaw control at wind farm level

Autoren: Ervin Bossanyi
Veröffentlicht in: Journal of Physics: Conference Series, Ausgabe 1222, 2019, Seite(n) 012023, ISSN 1742-6588
Herausgeber: Institute of Physics
DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/1222/1/012023

Robust lidar-based closed-loop wake redirection for wind farm control

Autoren: Steffen Raach, Sjoerd Boersma, Jan-Willem van Wingerden, David Schlipf, Po Wen Cheng
Veröffentlicht in: IFAC-PapersOnLine, Ausgabe 50/1, 2017, Seite(n) 4498-4503, ISSN 2405-8963
Herausgeber: Elsevier
DOI: 10.1016/j.ifacol.2017.08.380

Simultaneous estimation of wind shears and misalignments from rotor loads: formulation for IPC-controlled wind turbines

Autoren: M. Bertelè, C.L. Bottasso, S. Cacciola
Veröffentlicht in: Journal of Physics: Conference Series, Ausgabe 1037, 2018, Seite(n) 032007, ISSN 1742-6588
Herausgeber: Institute of Physics
DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/1037/3/032007

On wind turbine delta control

Autoren: Iker Elorza, Carlos Calleja and Aron Pujana-Arrese
Veröffentlicht in: 2019
Herausgeber: Energies

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