Projektbeschreibung
Energiesparende leistungsstarke Nanomaterialien zur CO2-Abscheidung
CO2-Abscheidung ist ein wichtiges Verfahren zur Reduzierung des CO2-Gehalts in der Atmosphäre. Das Null-Emissionsziel in naher Zukunft zu erreichen, bleibt allerdings eine Herausforderung. Seit mehr als hundert Jahren ist Aminwäsche ein Verfahren, mit dem sich CO2 aus Erdgas und Wasserstoff abscheiden lässt, das allerdings äußerst energieintensiv ist. Das EU-finanzierte Projekt UltimateMembranes entwickelt hochleistungsfähige Trennmembranen für mehrere Arten der CO2-Abscheidung. Mittels Kristallzüchtung sollen größenselektive, chemisch/thermisch stabile, nanoporöse zweidimensionale Membranen entstehen. So kann auf umweltfreundliche Weise und bei dezentralem Betrieb der Energieverbrauch reduziert und der Prozess intensiviert werden.
Ziel
The EU integrated strategic energy technology plan, SET-plan, in its 2016 progress report, has called for urgent measures on the carbon capture, however, the high energy-penalty and environmental issues related to the conventional capture process (amine-based scrubbing) has been a major bottleneck. High-performance membranes can reduce the energy penalty for the capture, are environment-friendly (no chemical is used, no waste is generated), can intensify chemical processes, and can be employed for the capture in a decentralized fashion. However, a technological breakthrough is needed to realize such chemically and thermally stable, high-performance membranes. This project seeks to develop the ultimate high-performance membranes for H2/CO2 (pre-combustion capture), CO2/N2 (post-combustion capture), and CO2/CH4 separations (natural gas sweetening). Based on calculations, these membranes will yield a gigantic gas permeance (1 and 0.1 million GPU for the H2 and the CO2 selective membranes, respectively), 1000 and 10-fold higher than that of the state-of-the-art polymeric and nanoporous membranes, respectively, reducing capital expenditure per unit performance and the needed membrane area. For this, we introduce three novel concepts, combining the top-down and the bottom-up crystal engineering approaches to develop size-selective, chemically and thermally stable, nanoporous two-dimensional membranes. First, exfoliated nanoporous 2d nanosheets will be stitched in-plane to synthesize the truly-2d membranes. Second, metal-organic frameworks will be confined across a nanoporous 2d matrix to prepare a composite 2d membrane. Third, atom-thick graphene films with tunable, uniform and size-selective nanopores will be crystallized using a novel thermodynamic equilibrium between the lattice growth and etching. Overall, the innovative concepts developed here will open up several frontiers on the synthesis of high-performance membranes for a wide-range of separation processes.
Wissenschaftliches Gebiet
- engineering and technologymaterials engineeringcrystals
- engineering and technologynanotechnologynano-materialstwo-dimensional nanostructuresgraphene
- engineering and technologyenvironmental engineeringenergy and fuelsfossil energynatural gas
- engineering and technologyenvironmental engineeringcarbon capture engineering
Schlüsselbegriffe
Programm/Programme
Thema/Themen
Finanzierungsplan
ERC-STG - Starting GrantGastgebende Einrichtung
1015 Lausanne
Schweiz