Descripción del proyecto
Construir un ordenador cuántico con cien cúbits
Los ordenadores cuánticos podrían revolucionar la manera en que resolvemos problemas informáticos difíciles que parecen imposibles con los ordenadores clásicos. El proyecto QUCUBE, financiado con fondos europeos, prevé desarrollar un procesador cuántico basado en silicio que involucrará, al menos, cien bits cuánticos (cúbits), lo que actualmente representa una novedad en cuanto a la cantidad de cúbits. El éxito del proyecto se basará en muchos avances tecnológicos, como la arquitectura tridimensional especialmente diseñada para albergar la carga de dispositivos de detección necesarios para la lectura de los cúbits y las líneas de la entrada metálica para el control eléctrico y las mediciones, así como la aplicación de esquemas de corrección de errores cuánticos.
Objetivo
Originally conceived to describe the microscopic world of atoms and elementary particles, the theory of quantum mechanics has eventually served to predict macroscopic phenomena, e.g. the electrical and optical properties of semiconductors, resulting a wide range of technological applications that have changed our way of living. Foundational properties like quantum superposition and entanglement, however, have remained essentially unexploited. Their use may allow achieving computational powers inaccessible to classical digital computers, opening unprecedented opportunities.
In a quantum computer, the elementary bits of information are encoded onto two-level quantum systems called qubits. Since qubits interact with the uncontrolled degrees of freedom of their environment, the evolution of their quantum states can become quickly unpredictable, leading to a reduced qubit fidelity. In topological quantum computing schemes, e.g. the surface code, the reduced fidelity is compensated by using decoherence-free logical qubits consisting of a large number (~103) of entangled physical qubits. As a result, a useful quantum processor should host at least millions of qubits. Although dauntingly large, this number is still small as compared to the number of transistors in a modern silicon microprocessors.
QuCube leverages industrial-level silicon technology to realize a quantum processor containing hundreds of spin qubits confined to a two-dimensional array of electrostatically defined silicon quantum dots. To face the challenge of addressing the qubits individually, we use a three-dimensional architecture purposely designed to accommodate, on separated planes, the charge sensing devices necessary for qubit readout, and the metal gate lines for the electrical control and measurement. The gate lines are operated according to a multiplexing principle, enabling a scalable wiring layout. We shall implement fault-tolerant logical qubits and quantum simulations of complex Hamiltonians
Ámbito científico
- natural sciencesphysical sciencestheoretical physicsparticle physics
- natural sciencesphysical sciencesquantum physics
- engineering and technologyelectrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineeringelectronic engineeringcomputer hardwarequantum computers
- natural sciencesphysical scienceselectromagnetism and electronicssemiconductivity
- natural scienceschemical sciencesinorganic chemistrymetalloids
Palabras clave
Programa(s)
Tema(s)
Régimen de financiación
ERC-SyG - Synergy grantInstitución de acogida
75015 PARIS 15
Francia