Opis projektu
Budowa komputera kwantowego na sto kubitów
Komputery kwantowe mogą zrewolucjonizować nasze podejście do rozwiązywania problemów czysto obliczeniowych, które dla zwykłych komputerów pozostają nierozwiązywalne. Finansowany ze środków UE projekt QUCUBE ma umożliwić opracowanie krzemowego procesora kwantowego, który będzie pozwalał prowadzić obliczenia na co najmniej stu bitach kwantowych (tzw. kubitach), czyli największej do tej pory ich liczbie. Powodzenie projektu wymaga dokonania wielu przełomowych odkryć technologicznych, w tym opracowania architektury trójwymiarowej przystosowanej do stosowania urządzeń pozwalających wykrywać ładunki niezbędnych do odczytu kubitów oraz metalowych linii bramek umożliwiających sterowanie elektryczne i pomiary, a także wdrożenia schematów kwantowej korekcji błędów.
Cel
Originally conceived to describe the microscopic world of atoms and elementary particles, the theory of quantum mechanics has eventually served to predict macroscopic phenomena, e.g. the electrical and optical properties of semiconductors, resulting a wide range of technological applications that have changed our way of living. Foundational properties like quantum superposition and entanglement, however, have remained essentially unexploited. Their use may allow achieving computational powers inaccessible to classical digital computers, opening unprecedented opportunities.
In a quantum computer, the elementary bits of information are encoded onto two-level quantum systems called qubits. Since qubits interact with the uncontrolled degrees of freedom of their environment, the evolution of their quantum states can become quickly unpredictable, leading to a reduced qubit fidelity. In topological quantum computing schemes, e.g. the surface code, the reduced fidelity is compensated by using decoherence-free logical qubits consisting of a large number (~103) of entangled physical qubits. As a result, a useful quantum processor should host at least millions of qubits. Although dauntingly large, this number is still small as compared to the number of transistors in a modern silicon microprocessors.
QuCube leverages industrial-level silicon technology to realize a quantum processor containing hundreds of spin qubits confined to a two-dimensional array of electrostatically defined silicon quantum dots. To face the challenge of addressing the qubits individually, we use a three-dimensional architecture purposely designed to accommodate, on separated planes, the charge sensing devices necessary for qubit readout, and the metal gate lines for the electrical control and measurement. The gate lines are operated according to a multiplexing principle, enabling a scalable wiring layout. We shall implement fault-tolerant logical qubits and quantum simulations of complex Hamiltonians
Dziedzina nauki
- natural sciencesphysical sciencestheoretical physicsparticle physics
- natural sciencesphysical sciencesquantum physics
- engineering and technologyelectrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineeringelectronic engineeringcomputer hardwarequantum computers
- natural sciencesphysical scienceselectromagnetism and electronicssemiconductivity
- natural scienceschemical sciencesinorganic chemistrymetalloids
Słowa kluczowe
Program(-y)
Temat(-y)
System finansowania
ERC-SyG - Synergy grantInstytucja przyjmująca
75015 PARIS 15
Francja