Description du projet
Comprendre la matière organique du sol avec la science des systèmes complexes
Le rôle du renouvellement microbien de la matière organique du sol (MOS) est essentiel dans le cycle du carbone (C) de la planète. Son mécanisme fondamental n’est toutefois pas totalement compris. Le projet SomSOM, financé par l’UE, étudiera ce dernier du point de vue de la science des systèmes complexes. Selon la théorie des systèmes complexes, les interactions entre individus au niveau microéconomique peuvent aboutir à une «auto-organisation» au niveau macroéconomique. Le système développe de nouvelles qualités qui ne proviennent pas des caractéristiques des individus en interaction. Si les systèmes de micro-organismes décomposeurs sont auto-organisés, ils sont cependant susceptibles de présenter un comportement différent de celui attendu dans des conditions environnementales fluctuantes. Le projet tentera de déterminer si la décomposition microbienne de la matière organique est dirigée par l’auto-organisation et quels sont les effets de ce mécanisme sur le cycle du carbone et de l’azote du sol.
Objectif
Microbial turnover of soil organic matter (SOM) is key for the terrestrial carbon (C) cycle. Its underlying mechanisms, however, are not fully understood. The role of soil microbes for organic matter turnover has so far been studied mainly from the point of view of microbial physiology, stoichiometry or community composition. I propose to shed new light on it from the perspective of complex systems science.
Microbial decomposition of organic matter requires the concerted action of functionally different microbes interacting with each other in a spatially structured environment. From complex systems theory, it is known that interactions among individuals at the microscale can lead to an ‘emergent’ system behavior, or ‘self-organisation’, at the macroscale, which adds a new quality to the system that cannot be derived from the traits of the interacting agents. Importantly, if microbial decomposer systems are self-organised, they may behave in a different way as currently assumed, especially under changing environmental conditions.
The aim of this project is thus to investigate i) if microbial decomposition of organic matter is driven by emergent behaviour, and ii) what consequences this has for soil C and nitrogen cycling. Combining state-of-the-art methods from soil biogeochemistry, microbial ecology, and complex systems science I will
• Investigate mechanisms of spatial self-organization of microbial decomposer communities by linking microscale observations from experimental microcosms to mathematical, individual-based modelling,
• Elucidate microbial interaction networks across the soil’s microarchitecture by linking microbial community composition, process rates and chemical composition of spatially explicit soil micro-units at an unprecedented small and pertinent scale.
• Explore fundamental patterns of self-organisation by applying the framework of complex systems science to high-resolution spatial and temporal data of soil microstructure and process rates.
Champ scientifique
Mots‑clés
Programme(s)
Régime de financement
ERC-COG - Consolidator GrantInstitution d’accueil
1010 Wien
Autriche