Description du projet
Éthique pour l’intégrité mentale
De nos jours, nous assistons à une augmentation de la manière dont les gouvernements et les entreprises privées peuvent influencer les attitudes, l’attention et le comportement des personnes. Ces méthodes comprennent ce que l’on appelle les «incitations douces» et les «technologies persuasives», mais également des formes d’influence biologiques, comme l’administration de médicaments ou de compléments nutritionnels. Elles sont utilisées par les plate-formes et les jeux en ligne, dans les domaines du marketing et de la promotion de la santé, de la justice pénale et de la médecine. Une grande question est maintenant de savoir si et quand ces influences portent atteinte au droit à l’intégrité mentale. Ce projet ProtMind financé par l’UE vise à aborder cette question en utilisant les méthodes de la philosophie analytique. Il fournira des indications sur les types d’influence psychologique ayant une base éthique acceptable.
Objectif
Unlike most traditional forms of behavioural influence, such as rational persuasion, incentivisation and coercion, many novel forms of behavioural influence operate at a subrational level, bypassing the targeted individual's capacity to respond to reasons. Examples include bottomless newsfeeds, randomised rewards, and other 'persuasive' technologies employed by online platforms and computer game designers. They also include biological interventions, such as the use of drugs, nutritional supplements or non-invasive brain stimulation to facilitate criminal rehabilitation.
The ethical acceptability of such arational influence depends crucially on whether we possess a moral right to mental integrity, and, if so, what kinds of mental interference it rules out. Unfortunately, these questions are yet to be addressed. Though the right to bodily integrity is well-established, the possibility of a right to mental integrity has attracted little philosophical scrutiny.
The purposes of this project are to (1) determine whether and how a moral right to mental integrity can be established; (2) develop a comprehensive and fine-grained account of its scope, weight, and robustness, and (3) determine what forms of arational influence infringe it, and whether and when these might nevertheless be justified. It will deploy a tripartite methodology comprising a bottom-up, casuistic approach, drawing on reflective responses to particular interventions; a horizontal approach, in which lessons for mental integrity will be drawn from analyses of the related phenomena of coercion, manipulation, and bodily integrity; and a top-down approach, drawing on theories of moral rights.
The analysis will establish arational influence as a new area of enquiry and yield guidance on controversial novel forms of arational influence including persuasive digital technologies, salience-based nudges, treatments for childhood behavioural disorders, and biological interventions in criminal rehabilitation.
Champ scientifique
Programme(s)
Régime de financement
ERC-COG - Consolidator GrantInstitution d’accueil
OX1 2JD Oxford
Royaume-Uni