Descrizione del progetto
Etica per l’integrità mentale
Oggi stiamo assistendo a un incremento dei modi attraverso cui gli atteggiamenti, l’attenzione e il comportamento delle persone possono essere influenzati dai governi e dalle aziende private. Tali metodi includono le cosiddette «spinte gentili» e le «tecnologie persuasive», ma anche modalità biologiche di influenza come la somministrazione di farmaci o di integratori alimentari. Essi vengono impiegati da piattaforme e giochi online e in vari ambiti, quali marketing, promozione della salute, giustizia penale e medicina. Una grande domanda che ci dobbiamo porre adesso è se e quando queste influenze violano il diritto all’integrità mentale. Il progetto ProtMind, finanziato dall’UE, intende affrontare questo interrogativo impiegando i metodi della filosofia analitica. Esso fornirà indicazioni su quali tipologie di influenza psicologica si fondano su una base etica accettabile.
Obiettivo
Unlike most traditional forms of behavioural influence, such as rational persuasion, incentivisation and coercion, many novel forms of behavioural influence operate at a subrational level, bypassing the targeted individual's capacity to respond to reasons. Examples include bottomless newsfeeds, randomised rewards, and other 'persuasive' technologies employed by online platforms and computer game designers. They also include biological interventions, such as the use of drugs, nutritional supplements or non-invasive brain stimulation to facilitate criminal rehabilitation.
The ethical acceptability of such arational influence depends crucially on whether we possess a moral right to mental integrity, and, if so, what kinds of mental interference it rules out. Unfortunately, these questions are yet to be addressed. Though the right to bodily integrity is well-established, the possibility of a right to mental integrity has attracted little philosophical scrutiny.
The purposes of this project are to (1) determine whether and how a moral right to mental integrity can be established; (2) develop a comprehensive and fine-grained account of its scope, weight, and robustness, and (3) determine what forms of arational influence infringe it, and whether and when these might nevertheless be justified. It will deploy a tripartite methodology comprising a bottom-up, casuistic approach, drawing on reflective responses to particular interventions; a horizontal approach, in which lessons for mental integrity will be drawn from analyses of the related phenomena of coercion, manipulation, and bodily integrity; and a top-down approach, drawing on theories of moral rights.
The analysis will establish arational influence as a new area of enquiry and yield guidance on controversial novel forms of arational influence including persuasive digital technologies, salience-based nudges, treatments for childhood behavioural disorders, and biological interventions in criminal rehabilitation.
Campo scientifico
Parole chiave
Programma(i)
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Meccanismo di finanziamento
ERC-COG - Consolidator GrantIstituzione ospitante
OX1 2JD Oxford
Regno Unito