The final part of the project has been crucial for MAKING-CITY project: the 3 PEDs have been finalished and their monitoring and evaluation phases have been carried out accoding to the process stablised in the proyect. Both cities have achieved reductions in energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions while improving renewable energy production and storage.
Although different, the 3 PED concepts converge in the extensive use of PV panels and geothermal resources as the most appropriate way to achieve positive energy balance, combining highly efficient buildings with very efficient HVAC elements as heat pumps, supported by the necessary energy storage systems to maximize RES use. The expected values for the demos, 80 % of RES share and 63 % of improvement against national regulation values, are the reference to replicate and upscale the concept.
In terms of impacts, beyond the overall figures mentioned earlier, it is important to highlight in the case of Groningen, north PED has reached 76,37% of thermal energy savings meanwhile the south PED provides savings of 94,91% in thermal energy and 61,36% of electricity. In the case of Oulu PED these values have reached 62,54% of savings in thermal energy and 35,86% in electrical energy.
Relating RES production, self-supply is one of the main values relevant to take into consideration in a PED evaluation. The degree of thermal energy self-supply based on RES has been 77,13% in Oulu and 99,98% and 71,67% in Groningen north and south respectivelly. In the case of electricity this values have been 6,04% for Oulu and 43,25% and 95,49% for Groningen.
With these previous considerations, the GHG emissions in terms of kg CO2 eq/year m2 have passed in Groningen North PED from 44,82 to 38,99 and in South PED from 101,07 to 11,30 providing values of reduction of 13,01% and 88.81% respectively. In the case of Oulu, the reduction has been 76,3%.
From a social perspective, the MAKING-CITY project has played a key role in engaging stakeholders in urban transformation through the Capacity Building programme and dissemination tools deployed in the project. This engagement increases satisfaction with project outcomes, the adoption of positive behaviors, and a heightened awareness of sustainability.