Projektbeschreibung
Funktionale Katalysatoren aus Nanomaterialien mit enzymartigen Eigenschaften
Das Team des EU-finanzierten Projekts CASCAT hat vor, Nanopartikel mit geätzten Substratkanälen als vereinfachte künstliche Enzyme – also als Nanozyme – bei der Elektrokatalyse einzusetzen. Dieses Konzept soll auf bimetallische Kern-Schale-Strukturen mit geätzten Kanälen übertragen werden, um lokal umgrenzte Katalysatoroberflächen mit variabler Selektivität zu schaffen. Die Bemühungen, Katalysatoren mit unterschiedlichen Eigenschaften in auf Nano-Dimensionen beschränkten Reaktionsvolumina lokal zu erzeugen, werden auf geschichtete Nanopartikelstrukturen übertragen. Darüber hinaus entwickeln und bewerten die Projektmitglieder Gasdiffusionselektroden mit mehreren Katalysatoren. Dabei stützen sie sich auf Operando-Spektroskopie und nano-elektrochemische Instrumente. Ziel ist es, die neuen Gasdiffusionselektroden in innovative baumartige, rotierende Elektrolyseure einzubauen, um damit gasförmige Schadstoffe aus der Luft zu entfernen.
Ziel
Nanoparticles with etched substrate channels are proposed as a simplified enzyme mimic, nanozymes, for electrocatalysis providing concave catalytically active sites together with the local modulation of electrolyte composition. This concept will be extended to bimetallic core-shell structures with etched channels to provide locally confined catalyst surfaces with varying selectivity. The first catalytic reaction at the channel entrance selectively generates a product, which is further converted in a follow-up reaction catalysed at the core material at the bottom of the channel. The endeavour to locally assemble catalysts with different properties in nano-confined reaction volumes to actualise cascade reaction pathways will be extended to layered nanoparticle structures. Together with an anisotropic provision of a gaseous reactant through a hydrophobic/hydrophilic phase boundary of specifically designed gas diffusion electrodes multi-step catalytic cascade reactions become feasible. The development and extensive evaluation of multi-catalyst gas-diffusion electrodes using operando electrochemistry/spectroscopy and nano-electrochemical tools as well as multi flow-through electrolysers will provide the fundamental knowledge concerning the relative location of different catalyst particles, which synergistically perform chemical cascade reaction with high selectivity and at high current densities. These gas-diffusion electrodes will be integrated in novel electrolyser concepts targeting CO2 recycling at high current density in alkaline solution under suppression of H2 competition with previously unprecedented selectivity for the formation of higher hydrocarbons envisioning contributions to a closed carbon cycle economy and a substantial decrease of CO2 emission. Additionally, a novel tree-type rotating electrolyser design is proposed for the removal of hazardous gaseous pollutants from air e.g. at street crossings in cities as exemplified by NOx reduction to N2 or NH3.
Wissenschaftliches Gebiet
- engineering and technologyenvironmental engineeringwaste managementwaste treatment processesrecycling
- natural scienceschemical scienceselectrochemistry
- natural scienceschemical sciencescatalysiselectrocatalysis
- natural scienceschemical sciencesorganic chemistryhydrocarbons
- engineering and technologynanotechnologynano-materials
Schlüsselbegriffe
Programm/Programme
Thema/Themen
Finanzierungsplan
ERC-ADG - Advanced GrantGastgebende Einrichtung
44801 Bochum
Deutschland