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Development of novel optogenetic approaches for improving vision in macular degeneration

Project description

A vision for people with degenerative eye disease

Cats see much better than people at night, all because they have more rods than cones. Rods and cones are two types of photoreceptors in the retina. Rods respond to low-level light with low spatial acuity but do not sense colour. Cones do the opposite. Cones also modulate rods, helping to improve daylight vision. When cones get damaged, eyes have a problem they cannot solve. They lose sharp clear vision in daylight, and the ability to improve it by recruiting help from rods. RODRESET is pursuing novel ways to modulate rod sensitivity. Success could have significant impact on treating macular degeneration worldwide.

Objective

In industrialized countries, age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of untreatable blindness. In addition to age-related disease, there are also inherited forms of macular degeneration, such as juvenile-onset Stargardt disease. These conditions, for which there are currently no effective treatments, involve the loss of photoreceptors in the central retina, where a high cone photoreceptor density is responsible for effecting high resolution vision. We recently discovered that cones can modulate the sensitivity of surrounding rod photoreceptors to enable them to be more effective in daylight conditions. In retinal disorders involving degeneration of the macular cones, this lateral interaction is impaired, leading to saturation of the rods’ dynamic range and impaired daylight vision. We have also discovered that direct modulation the neurons underlying this lateral interaction, the horizontal cells, improves quality of vision in mice lacking functional cones. Together, our results identify a specific circuitry underlying rod-mediated vision as a potential therapeutic target following macular degeneration. Here, we aim to exploit these new findings to re-establish the rods’ ability to function in daylight using two distinct approaches. Firstly, we will use direct modification of the rods to permanently shift their light sensitivity into the daylight range. A small area of modified rods that are effective in daylight, likely with a higher temporal resolution, would improve extra-foveal fixation and vision. Secondly, we intend to establish a system that confers light sensitivity onto horizontal cells, to replace light-mediated input from cones. This will restore the natural horizontal cell-derived modulation of light sensitivity to rods, allowing them to function in daylight. Thus, by utilizing our knowledge of specific aspects of retinal circuitry, we aim to develop novel therapies for improving vision in patients with advanced macular degeneration.

Host institution

KING'S COLLEGE LONDON
Net EU contribution
€ 1 739 984,91
Address
STRAND
WC2R 2LS London
United Kingdom

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Region
London Inner London — West Camden and City of London
Activity type
Higher or Secondary Education Establishments
Links
Total cost
€ 1 739 984,91

Beneficiaries (2)