Descrizione del progetto
Una prospettiva per le persone affette da malattia oculare degenerativa
I gatti vedono molto meglio delle persone di notte, questo perché hanno più bastoncelli rispetto ai coni. Bastoncelli e coni sono i due tipi di fotorecettori presenti nella retina. I bastoncelli rispondono alla luce a basso livello con bassa acuità spaziale ma non rilevano i colori. I coni fanno il contrario. I coni modulano anche i bastoncelli, contribuendo a migliorare la visione della luce del giorno. Quando i coni vengono danneggiati, gli occhi hanno un problema che non possono risolvere. Essi perdono la visione chiara e nitida alla luce del giorno e la capacità di migliorarla reclutando aiuto dai bastoncelli. RODRESET sta cercando nuovi modi per modulare la sensibilità dei bastoncelli. L’eventuale successo potrebbe avere un impatto significativo sul trattamento della degenerazione maculare in tutto il mondo.
Obiettivo
In industrialized countries, age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of untreatable blindness. In addition to age-related disease, there are also inherited forms of macular degeneration, such as juvenile-onset Stargardt disease. These conditions, for which there are currently no effective treatments, involve the loss of photoreceptors in the central retina, where a high cone photoreceptor density is responsible for effecting high resolution vision. We recently discovered that cones can modulate the sensitivity of surrounding rod photoreceptors to enable them to be more effective in daylight conditions. In retinal disorders involving degeneration of the macular cones, this lateral interaction is impaired, leading to saturation of the rods’ dynamic range and impaired daylight vision. We have also discovered that direct modulation the neurons underlying this lateral interaction, the horizontal cells, improves quality of vision in mice lacking functional cones. Together, our results identify a specific circuitry underlying rod-mediated vision as a potential therapeutic target following macular degeneration. Here, we aim to exploit these new findings to re-establish the rods’ ability to function in daylight using two distinct approaches. Firstly, we will use direct modification of the rods to permanently shift their light sensitivity into the daylight range. A small area of modified rods that are effective in daylight, likely with a higher temporal resolution, would improve extra-foveal fixation and vision. Secondly, we intend to establish a system that confers light sensitivity onto horizontal cells, to replace light-mediated input from cones. This will restore the natural horizontal cell-derived modulation of light sensitivity to rods, allowing them to function in daylight. Thus, by utilizing our knowledge of specific aspects of retinal circuitry, we aim to develop novel therapies for improving vision in patients with advanced macular degeneration.
Campo scientifico
Parole chiave
Programma(i)
Argomento(i)
Meccanismo di finanziamento
ERC-ADG - Advanced GrantIstituzione ospitante
WC2R 2LS London
Regno Unito