Novel porous graphite as cathodes for advanced aluminium-ion batteries

Descripción del proyecto

Grafito innovador para mejorar las baterías de los coches eléctricos

Se prevé que para 2040 aproximadamente el 55 % de los todos los coches nuevos vendidos sean vehículos eléctricos (VE). Para fabricar las baterías de iones de litio con las que funcionan los VE, se necesitarán 800 000 toneladas de litio. A este nivel de demanda, el suministro de litio se agotará en diecisiete años. Las baterías recargables de aluminio (AIB, por sus siglas en inglés) constituyen una alternativa prometedora, pero carecen de un material de cátodo eficiente. Una buena solución es usar material de grafito para los cátodos, pero los cátodos grafíticos actuales tienen defectos de diseño. El proyecto financiado con fondos europeos GAIBs desarrollará un protocolo de síntesis rápida para crear un nuevo grafito para cátodos actuales más eficientes. Esto abrirá el camino a baterías más duraderas y sostenibles para los VE.

Objetivo

The demand for electric vehicles (EVs) is expected to rise significantly to ~55% of all new car sales by 2040. This would necessitate ~0.8 million metric tons of Li-metal for standard lithium ion battery (LIB) production. However, a market dominant EV-industry would only have sufficient Li-supply for at most 17 years due to inevitable shortfalls on sustainable-supply of lithium. Aluminium based rechargeable batteries (AlBs) offer tantalising prospect of high energy density batteries using components that can facilitate safe-by-design production of cheaper, durable and sustainable batteries. This battery technology, while having enormous potential as a replacement for LIBs, has not yet demonstrated viability due to critical limitations, primarily the lack of an efficient cathode material that can cycle Al3+ or Al-ion complexes for high energy density and stability. By far, the most plausible cathodes for AlBs are based on graphitic materials. However, present graphitic cathodes are inefficient due to serious design flaws. This project will develop a rapid synthesis protocol to fabricate a very unique graphitic material with unprecedented brain-like morphology and also develop mechanisms to control the intrinsic nanopore architecture. The project will conduct a detailed structural analysis and characterisation of the novel graphitic framework as a cathode for AlBs. This novel graphite holds the key to a significant breakthrough and will advance the development of AlBs by: 1) addressing the issue of poor electrolyte penetration and improve the sluggish reversible ion intercalation to boost rate performance and cycling, 2) improve the weak electronic/electrical conductivity properties of present cathodes, 3) overcome the problematic abrupt cathode disintegrating during cell operation, and 4) unveil the hidden cathode redox chemistry. The ER will emerge from this project with new/advanced skill-set and the capability to launch his own high-level scientific research.