Novel porous graphite as cathodes for advanced aluminium-ion batteries

Description du projet

Un nouveau type de graphite pour de meilleures batteries de voitures électriques

D’ici 2040, environ 55 % de l’ensemble des voitures neuves vendues devraient être des véhicules électriques (VE). Pour fabriquer les batteries lithium-ion qui alimentent les VE, il faudra 800 000 tonnes de lithium. Avec un tel niveau de demande, les réserves de lithium seront épuisées d’ici 17 ans. Les batteries rechargeables à base d’aluminium (AIB) constituent une alternative prometteuse, mais elles ne possèdent pas de matériau cathodique efficace. Une bonne solution consiste à utiliser du matériel graphitique pour les cathodes, mais les cathodes graphitiques actuelles présentent des défauts de conception. Le projet GAIBs, financé par l’UE, développera un protocole de synthèse rapide permettant de produire un nouveau graphite pour des cathodes avec un courant électrique plus efficace. Cela ouvrira la voie à des batteries plus durables, à la fois en termes de durée de vie et d’impact environnemental, pour les VE.

Objectif

The demand for electric vehicles (EVs) is expected to rise significantly to ~55% of all new car sales by 2040. This would necessitate ~0.8 million metric tons of Li-metal for standard lithium ion battery (LIB) production. However, a market dominant EV-industry would only have sufficient Li-supply for at most 17 years due to inevitable shortfalls on sustainable-supply of lithium. Aluminium based rechargeable batteries (AlBs) offer tantalising prospect of high energy density batteries using components that can facilitate safe-by-design production of cheaper, durable and sustainable batteries. This battery technology, while having enormous potential as a replacement for LIBs, has not yet demonstrated viability due to critical limitations, primarily the lack of an efficient cathode material that can cycle Al3+ or Al-ion complexes for high energy density and stability. By far, the most plausible cathodes for AlBs are based on graphitic materials. However, present graphitic cathodes are inefficient due to serious design flaws. This project will develop a rapid synthesis protocol to fabricate a very unique graphitic material with unprecedented brain-like morphology and also develop mechanisms to control the intrinsic nanopore architecture. The project will conduct a detailed structural analysis and characterisation of the novel graphitic framework as a cathode for AlBs. This novel graphite holds the key to a significant breakthrough and will advance the development of AlBs by: 1) addressing the issue of poor electrolyte penetration and improve the sluggish reversible ion intercalation to boost rate performance and cycling, 2) improve the weak electronic/electrical conductivity properties of present cathodes, 3) overcome the problematic abrupt cathode disintegrating during cell operation, and 4) unveil the hidden cathode redox chemistry. The ER will emerge from this project with new/advanced skill-set and the capability to launch his own high-level scientific research.