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Repair of DNA lesions induced by platinum drugs

Descrizione del progetto

L’impatto del patrimonio genetico sulla risposta alla chemioterapia

Le cellule assicurano la stabilità genomica attraverso vari meccanismi che riparano i danni al DNA indotti da farmaci o radiazioni ultraviolette. Uno di questi, la riparazione per escissione nucleotidica del genoma globale (GG-NER, global-genome nucleotide excision repair), rileva le lesioni ingombranti del DNA in qualsiasi punto del genoma, indipendentemente dalla trascrizione, e le ripara. Il progetto REAP, finanziato dall’UE, è interessato a comprendere in che modo le mutazioni nel percorso GG-NER influenzino i risultati dei farmaci a base di platino, quali l’oxaliplatino e il cisplatino. I ricercatori esamineranno le mutazioni che influenzano il riconoscimento differenziale delle lesioni da platino da parte della GG-NER. Le informazioni ottenute miglioreranno l’esito dei protocolli chemioterapici esistenti attraverso il profilo genetico dei pazienti oncologici.

Obiettivo

DNA damage-inducing platinum drugs, such as oxaliplatin and cisplatin, are used to treat about half of all patients receiving chemotherapy. Although potentially very efficient, many patients develop resistance for yet unrecognized reasons. Better understanding of the DNA damage response (DDR) to platinum-DNA lesions is therefore much needed for improving treatment outcomes.
By performing DDR-dedicated CRISPR/Cas9 knockout screens, the applicant has shown that some cancer cells deficient in the major repair of bulky DNA lesions, global-genome nucleotide excision repair (GG-NER), are insensitive to oxaliplatin but sensitive to cisplatin. This striking difference remains as of yet unreported, but might explain differential responses of tumors to drugs. The aim of this proposal is to understand why GG-NER is unable to repair oxaliplatin lesions in particular genetic backgrounds. To do so, unbiased identification of genes differently mutated or expressed in oxaliplatin-sensitive versus insensitive cells will be followed by validation and in-depth functional characterization of identified targets. The ambition is to extrapolate experimental observations to translational knowledge. Validated targets will be studied in patient-derived tumor tissues as compared to nonmalignant tissues and related to patients’ treatment responses. Identification of genetic factors that regulate platinum lesions recognition by GG-NER will contribute to the understanding of molecular principles of platinum drugs cytotoxicity and might thus have considerable benefit on current cancer treatment schemes.
The novelty of the pilot data, the unique multidisciplinary design of the project, the use of state-of-the-art molecular techniques and a collaboration with multiple European experts will ensure high scientific impact. Both, the applicant and the host will greatly benefit from the vital knowledge transfer. This project follows the European Union's commitment to cancer research.

Campo scientifico (EuroSciVoc)

Programma(i)

Argomento(i)

Meccanismo di finanziamento

MSCA-IF-EF-ST - Standard EF

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Invito a presentare proposte

(si apre in una nuova finestra) H2020-MSCA-IF-2018

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Coordinatore

MEDIZINISCHE UNIVERSITAET WIEN
Contributo netto dell'UE
€ 77 569,60
Indirizzo
SPITALGASSE 23
1090 Wien
Austria
Regione
Ostösterreich Wien Wien
Tipo di attività
Higher or Secondary Education Establishments
Collegamenti
Costo totale
€ 77 569,60

Partecipanti (1)